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Image Subject Name Scientific Name Description
5492251 bitter rot and anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ripe rot spots on fruit
5487920 bacterial leaf scorch Xylella fastidiosa Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay' Failure of green shoot tissue to mature normally to mature, dark brown appearance.
5487916 bacterial leaf scorch Xylella fastidiosa Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay' Leaf scorch and chlorosis. This sample was co-diseased with Downy Mildew.
5487917 bacterial leaf scorch Xylella fastidiosa Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay' Leaf scorch and chlorosis This sample was co-diseased with Downy Mildew
5487918 bacterial leaf scorch Xylella fastidiosa Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay' Green tissue ("green island") on shoot adjacent to normally matured wood and "matchstick" petiole.
5487919 bacterial leaf scorch Xylella fastidiosa Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay' Failure of green shoot tissue to mature normally to mature, dark brown appearance.
5487921 bacterial leaf scorch Xylella fastidiosa Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay' Green tissue ("green island")on shoot adjacent to normally matured wood and "matchstick" petiole.
5487922 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Vitis vinifera 'Chardonnay' Sporulation on underside of leaf
5485035 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Infected fruit with obvious signs
5485034 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Tips of sporangiophore
5485032 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Sporangium
5485033 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Sporangium
5485031 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Sporangiophores
5485030 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Sporangiophores
5485029 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Sporangia evident on infected fruit
5485028 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Pathogen emerging from infected fruit
5469964 common yarrow Achillea millefolium Basal fruit attachment scar on two fruit disseminules. Note the pair of protrusions within each cup-like scar.
5479844 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Sporulation on underside of leafcultivar is 'Buffalo'
5479845 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Sporulation is on underside of leafcultivar is 'Buffalo'
5479846 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Sporulation on underside of leafcultivar is 'Buffalo'
5479847 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Symptoms on underside of leafcultivar is 'Buffalo'
5479848 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Sporulation on underside of leafcultivar is 'Buffalo'
5472904 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Close-up upper surface of the grape leaf with one reddish-purple tube gall removed. Formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola).
5472891 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Close-up of lower surface of grape leaf with grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola).
5472890 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Lower surface of grape leaf with grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola).
5472905 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Close-up of single reddish-purple tube gall formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola).
5472888 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Reddish-purple spikes on upper surface of grape leaf are grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola).
5472889 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Reddish-purple spikes on upper surface of grape leaf are grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola).
5472892 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Reddish-purple spikes on upper surface of grape leaf are grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola).
5472893 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Close-up of reddish-purple spikes on upper surface of grape leaf are grape tube galls formed by a midge, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola).
5472906 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Single reddish-purple tube gall split to reveal single, yellow, midge larva, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola) called the grape tube gallmaker.
5472907 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Single, yellow midge larva, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola) called the grape tube gallmaker.
5472908 grape tube gallmaker Schizomyia viticola Close-up of single, yellow midge larva, Schizomyia viticola (also known as Cecidomyia viticola) called the grape tube gallmaker.
5469935 scarlet pimpernel Lysimachia arvensis Seeds lying on the largest of the three sides (the apex) showing the relativly smooth hilar region.
5459203 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Cross-section of pycnidium in plant tissue
5461297 burning nettle Urtica urens Close-up of fruit.
5457907 scarlet pimpernel Lysimachia arvensis Close-up of the hilar region. Note lack of tubercles.
5469920 Mexican fireweed Kochia scoparia
5459574 Texas filaree Erodium texanum
5459213 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Symptomatic fruit with pycnidia evident
5459212 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Symptomatic fruit with pycnidia evident
5459211 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Symptomatic fruit with pycnidia evident
5459210 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Symptomatic fruit with pycnidia evident
5459209 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Symptomatic fruit with pycnidia evident
5459208 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Conidia
5459206 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Cross-section showing wall of pycnidium in plant tissue
5459207 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Cross-section of pycnidial wall
5459204 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Cross-section of pycnidium in plant tissue
5459205 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Cross-section of pycnidium in plant tissue
5459201 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Pycnidia evident in leaf spot
5459202 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Cross-section of pycnidium in plant tissue
5459198 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Pycnidia in tissue with conidia extruding
5459197 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Ruptured pycnidia in tissue showing ostioles, top view
5459196 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Pycnidia in tissue showing ostioles, top view
5459670 hairy cat's ear Hypochaeris radicata Lateral view of the apex of the disseminule. Some pappus bristles have been removed.
5458147 sticky chickweed Cerastium glomeratum
5471972 Uruguayan pampas grass Cortaderia selloana Pair of attached male florets, plus sterile apical floret.
5471973 Uruguayan pampas grass Cortaderia selloana Close-up of base of a female floret, ventral view.
5471971 Uruguayan pampas grass Cortaderia selloana Male spikelet with stamens missing but some pollen remaining.
5471970 Uruguayan pampas grass Cortaderia selloana Lateral view of a female floret.
5471968 Uruguayan pampas grass Cortaderia selloana Caryopses in dorsal (left), lateral (middle), and ventral (right) views. Apices at top.
5471969 Uruguayan pampas grass Cortaderia selloana Ventral view of a female floret. Note broken callus.
5471967 purple pampasgrass Cortaderia jubata Close-up of base of floret. Ventral view.
5471965 purple pampasgrass Cortaderia jubata Floret, lateral view.
5471966 purple pampasgrass Cortaderia jubata Floret, dorsal view.
5471964 purple pampasgrass Cortaderia jubata Immature caryopses in dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views. Note stylar remnants at the apex (right end) of each caryopsis.
5471825 Japanese brome Bromus japonicus Dorsal view of caryopses. The lower one has a broken base.
5471826 Japanese brome Bromus japonicus Ventral view of caryopses, with some hyaline palea tissue remnants. Note weakly inrolled edges.
5471824 Japanese brome Bromus japonicus Close-up of lemma tip showing awn attachment. Note wide hyaline margin on center floret.
5471823 Japanese brome Bromus japonicus Florets. Left to right—ventral view, lateral view and dorsal view.
5465976 Italian ryegrass Festuca perennis Ventral view of three florets with unbroken awns.
5465977 Italian ryegrass Festuca perennis Dorsal view of three florets. Note the location of awn attachment slightly below the apex of the lemma.
5465975 Italian ryegrass Festuca perennis Close-up of awn insertion site on lemma.
5465974 Italian ryegrass Festuca perennis Dorsal view of partially exposed caryopsis showing embryo.
5459697 Mexican fireweed Kochia scoparia Apex (left) and base (right) of two fruits with calyx bracts removed. Note the fragility of the pericarp.
5459698 Mexican fireweed Kochia scoparia Close-up of a seed. Note groove tracing the outline of the perisperm in center of seed.
5459699 Mexican fireweed Kochia scoparia Base of a disseminule with wart-like protrusions on calyx.
5459700 Mexican fireweed Kochia scoparia Lateral view of a disseminule with wing-like protrusions on calyx.
5459582 spotted spurge Euphorbia maculata Looking down on the hilar end of two seeds.
5459583 spotted spurge Euphorbia maculata Seeds and fruit fragments.
5459584 spotted spurge Euphorbia maculata Looking down on the chalazal end of two seeds.
5459585 spotted spurge Euphorbia maculata Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of two seeds. Hilum at top. The transverse wrinkles are clear in the dorsal view.
5459696 Mexican fireweed Kochia scoparia Two disseminules with tubercles, two with wings.
5458198 common dodder Cuscuta campestris Seeds lying on their rounded, non-hilar side. Arrows point to the hilum's vascular scar.
5458199 common dodder Cuscuta campestris Seeds lying with rounded side up and hilar side down.
5458196 common dodder Cuscuta campestris Fruit, including dried perianth.
5458197 common dodder Cuscuta campestris Seeds positioned on edge at an angle so that the hilum points ± straight up.
5458195 common dodder Cuscuta campestris Close-up of seed's surface.
5444767 Pacific bentgrass Agrostis avenacea Ventral view of floret, with hairs still attached.
5444768 Pacific bentgrass Agrostis avenacea Ventral view of floret, after some hairs were removed.
5444769 Pacific bentgrass Agrostis avenacea Part of an inflorescence.
5444766 Pacific bentgrass Agrostis avenacea Lateral view (left) and dorsal view (right) of floret. Note dentate lemma apices.
5444765 Pacific bentgrass Agrostis avenacea Caryopses in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
5457908 scarlet pimpernel Lysimachia arvensis Seeds in various positions. Note the acute angles on the mostly 3-sided seeds, as well as the “scaly-reticulate” surface.
5457905 scarlet pimpernel Lysimachia arvensis Unopened but mature fruit. Dehiscence is circumscissile, occurring along the equator.
5457906 scarlet pimpernel Lysimachia arvensis Close-up of the star-shaped tubercles on the seed's surface.
5457904 scarlet pimpernel Lysimachia arvensis Looking down at one end of two seeds to show the 3-sided shape.
5469934 common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium Lateral view of a bur with base in lower left corner. Note pair of beaks at the top and numerous hook-tipped spines all over.
5469985 purplestamen mullein Verbascum virgatum Close-up of the reticulations on the seed's surface.
5469984 common mullein Verbascum thapsus Looking down on the hilum at the base of the seed.
5469915 white clover Trifolium repens Face view of seed with hilum in notch along the edge at top.
5469901 field pennycress Thlaspi arvense Face view of seed with hilum at bottom.
5469983 feverfew Tanacetum parthenium Ventral (left) and lateral (right) views of fruits with coroniform pappi at the apex.
5469924 wild marigold Tagetes minuta View of apical scar after pappus scales have been removed.
5469961 common chickweed Stellaria media Face view of seed with hilum at bottom. Inset shows the seed's wider edge (opposite the hilum).
5469982 annual sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus Close-up of fruit surface.
5469900 spiny sowthistle Sonchus asper Fruit with distinctive pappus.
5469960 perennial sowthistle Sonchus arvensis Basal fruit attachment scar, close-up.
5469930 perennial sowthistle Sonchus arvensis Fruit apex with pappus removed from raised collar to show stylar remnant.
5469923 purple nightshade Solanum xanti Face view of seed. Hilum on lower right edge. Note the large amount of whitish pericarp tissue still attached to the seed's surface.
5469902 cutleaf nightshade Solanum triflorum Face view of seed. Hilum on lower right edge.
5469903 bluewitch nightshade Solanum umbelliferum Face view of seed. Hilum on lower right edge.
5469922 hairy nightshade Solanum physalifolium Face view of seed. Hilum on lower right edge.
5469981 silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium Face view of seed. Hilum in notch on lower left edge.
5469914 robust horsenettle Solanum dimidiatum Face view of seed. Hilum on lower right edge.
5469921 American black nightshade Solanum americanum Face view of seed. Hilum on lower left edge.
5469959 hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale Two seeds. Hilum at bottom.
5469958 hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale Close-up of seed's surface.
5469957 tumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum Seeds with hilar region at bottom. Longitudinal grooves mark the division between the radicle (on the left) and the cotyledons on each seed. Note greenish markings on left seed.
5469980 blessed milkthistle Silybum marianum Two views of the same flattened pappus bristle. Left—lying flat, right—lying on edge.
5469933 blessed milkthistle Silybum marianum Looking down on the apex of two fruits.
5469956 blessed milkthistle Silybum marianum Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar.
5469913 English catchfly Silene gallica Seed in lateral view showing kidney-shaped outline and hilum in marginal notch.
5469979 curly dock Rumex crispus Four fruits with perianth remains removed. Apices pointing up.
5469978 cottonbatting plant Pseudognaphalium stramineum Fruit, close-up, ± lateral view.
5469929 cottonbatting plant Pseudognaphalium stramineum Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar of the disseminule.
5469977 ladies' tobacco Pseudognaphalium californicum Fruit with elongated base and ample stylar remains.
5469976 ladies' tobacco Pseudognaphalium californicum Fruit, ± ventral view. Note longitudinal ridge and scattered minute papillae.
5469975 two-color rabbit-tobacco Pseudognaphalium biolettii Fruit, ventral view.
5469916 annual bluegrass Poa annua Florets, close-up. Note multiple distinct ribs on lemma.
5469955 tomatillo groundcherry Physalis philadelphica Lateral (on edge) view of seed showing hilum.
5469954 tomatillo groundcherry Physalis philadelphica Close-up of hilum. Note lanceolate shape.
5469953 dalmatian toadflax Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica Lateral view of seed with ventral side facing left. Inset is ventral view showing flared hilum.
5469932 upright pepperweed Lepidium strictum Face view of seed. Hilar region at bottom. Radicle is on the right side and cotyledons on the left side.
5469952 upright pepperweed Lepidium strictum Lateral view of two seeds. Hilar region at bottom. Note papillate surface.
5469931 tongue pepperweed Lepidium nitidum Face view of seed showing two grooves, which separate the radicle and the cotyledons. Hilar region at bottom. Note rough surface.
5469951 prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola Looking down on the apices atop of the beaks of two fruits.
5469950 prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola Looking down on the bases of two disseminules at the shiny, white, ring-like fruit attachment scars.
5469949 toad rush Juncus bufonius Two seeds lined up with hilum at bottom.
5469912 hairy cat's ear Hypochaeris radicata Basal fruit attachment scars of two disseminules.
5469948 smooth cat's ear Hypochaeris glabra Close-up of the angled opening of the basal fruit attachment scar.
5469947 shortpod mustard Hirschfeldia incana Looking down on the hilar region. Note the blackish circle atop the cotyledons.
5468824 shortpod mustard Hirschfeldia incana Lateral view of two seeds. Radicle on left. Hilum at bottom.
5469907 common tarweed Centromadia pungens Lateral view of two fruits. Apices at top.
5469928 Kern tarweed Deinandra pallida Lateral view of two fruits with dorsal sides facing each other.
5469974 Kern tarweed Deinandra pallida Close-up of two fruits positioned on their bent dorsal side. Apices at top.
5469919 rosilla Helenium puberulum Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar of the disseminule.
5469946 Bigelow's sneezeweed Helenium bigelovii Looking down on the fruit apex. (Pappus has been removed.)
5469927 Bigelow's sneezeweed Helenium bigelovii Fruits with pappus scales still attached.
5469926 purple cudweed Gamochaeta purpurea Looking down on the bases of two fruits. Note extra tissue attached to the ring-like fruit attachment scar.
5469945 purple cudweed Gamochaeta purpurea Looking down on the apices of two fruits. Style bases ± missing.
5469944 netseed spurge Euphorbia spathulata Ventral side of a seed with caruncle still attached.
5469973 petty spurge Euphorbia peplus Ventral side of seed. Caruncle at bottom.
5469925 shortfruit stork's bill Erodium brachycarpum Close-up of the hairy pit and furrow.
5469904 early watergrass Echinochloa oryzoides Floret in dorsal view showing slightly withered apex.
5469908 rough barnyardgrass Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Floret in dorsal view showing fertile lemma with its slightly withered apex.
5469986 large crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of spikelet.
5469943 yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Fruit cut in half to show triangular cross-sectional shape.
5469963 bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon Close-up of the puckered base of the caryopsis.
5469962 bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon Showing the puckered base of the caryopsis.
5469942 bigseed alfalfa dodder Cuscuta indecora var. indecora Close-up of the hilar region.
5469972 poison-hemlock Conium maculatum Lateral view of two mericarps. Adaxial sides facing each other. Apex at top.
5469971 poison-hemlock Conium maculatum Abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) sides of two mericarps. Apex at top.
5469941 horseweed Conyza canadensis Fruit, close-up. Note long hairs along fruit body.
5469940 blue mustard Chorispora tenella Inside septal face of two fruit segments. Top and bottom of the disseminules are where abscission occurred.
5469939 blue mustard Chorispora tenella Outside face of two fruit segments. Top and bottom of the disseminules are where abscission occurred.
5469970 lambsquarters Chenopodium album Base of fruit with calyx still attached. Scales present.
5469938 lambsquarters Chenopodium album One fruit with calyx still attached and two fruits (inset) with calyces removed.
5469969 yellow starthistle Centaurea solstitialis Pappous fruits with outer bristles removed to show the inner whorl.
5469911 Malta starthistle Centaurea melitensis Pappus bristles removed to reveal style base.
5469937 rapeseed Brassica napus On this seed with barely detectable reticulations, the pitting of the interspaces is clear.
5469968 black mustard Brassica nigra Close-up of seed's surface.
5469967 Indian mustard Brassica juncea Looking at the hilar region at an angle.
5469936 saltmarsh baccharis Baccharis douglasii View of the apex showing style base and collar.
5469918 saltmarsh baccharis Baccharis douglasii Basal fruit attachment scar.
5469906 asparagus Asparagus officinalis Close-up of seed's surface.
5469910 stinking chamomile Anthemis cotula Fruit, close-up.
5469909 western fiddleneck Amsinckia tessellata Adaxial side of nutlet showing fruit attachment scar.
5469917 Menzies' fiddleneck Amsinckia menziesii Abaxial surface of two nutlets.
5469905 Eastwood's fiddleneck Amsinckia eastwoodiae Adaxial face of nutlet showing fruit attachment scar.
5469966 Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri Close-up of hilum. Note white funicular remnant.
5469965 smooth pigweed Amaranthus hybridus Close-up of the seed's surface.
5467302 sorghum Sorghum bicolor Caryopsis in ventral view.
5467301 sorghum Sorghum bicolor Caryopses in ventral (with dark hilum) and dorsal views.
5467300 sorghum Sorghum bicolor Dorsal view of caryopsis.
5467298 sorghum Sorghum bicolor Close-up of a fertile spikelet of an uncultivated strain.
5467299 sorghum Sorghum bicolor Three spikelet pairs, each with a sterile pedicellate spikelet and a fertile sessile spikelet.
5467297 sorghum Sorghum bicolor Caryopses of shattercane (a form of ssp. bicolor) in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
5467293 rattail fescue Vulpia myuros Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views of floret.
5467294 rattail fescue Vulpia myuros Ventral view of caryopsis. Some bract material (lemma and palea) attached.
5467291 rattail fescue Vulpia myuros Dorsal view of caryopsis. Some bract material (lemma and palea) attached.
5467292 rattail fescue Vulpia myuros Sometimes the upper sterile florets remain attach to a lower fertile floret. Each of these two groups has a fertile floret and two sterile florets.
5467290 small fescue Vulpia microstachys Ventral view of florets. Note that the palea keel veins extend beyond the tip of the palea, looking like the lemma awn.
5467288 small fescue Vulpia microstachys Ventral view of caryopsis. Some bract material (palea and lemma remnants) still attached.
5467289 small fescue Vulpia microstachys Dorsal view of florets. In the lower floret, note the pair of excurrent palea keel vein teeth.
5467287 small fescue Vulpia microstachys Empty glumes.
5467286 small fescue Vulpia microstachys Individual florets (most in ventral view).
5467285 medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae Caryopsis in dorsal view.
5467284 medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae Caryopsis in ventral view.
5467282 medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae Florets—dorsal view (left), lateral view (middle), and ventral view (bottom).
5467283 medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae Florets in ventral view showing rachilla and palea.
5467281 sorghum-almum Sorghum almum Ventral view of fertile spikelets where rough handling has resulted in reduced rachis and pedicel fragments.
5467280 sorghum-almum Sorghum almum Spikelets. A, C—ventral view showing upper glume and tiny remnants of pedicel and/or rachis; B, D, E—dorsal view showing the back of the lower glume.
5467296 Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium Close-up of the basal fruit attachment scar partially obscured by an elaiosome on the left side.
5467295 Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium Looking down on the apex of the fruit.
5467279 green foxtail Setaria viridis Glumes and sterile lemma removed from spikelet to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret.
5467277 green foxtail Setaria viridis Florets in ventral view.
5467278 green foxtail Setaria viridis Spikelets. Most in dorsal view showing edges of lower glume (at bottom), upper glume, and a bit of fertile lemma.
5467275 green foxtail Setaria viridis Caryopsis in ventral view.
5467276 green foxtail Setaria viridis Florets in dorsal view. Three of the veins are clearly seen on each lemma.
5467274 green foxtail Setaria viridis Cluster of three normal and one aborted spikelets with their eleven bristles.
5467273 green foxtail Setaria viridis Caryopses in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views.
5467271 bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata Spikelets in various positions.
5467272 bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata Glumes and sterile lemma removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret.
5467270 bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata Spikelets in various positions, labeled.
5467269 bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata Florets in dorsal view. Note that three of the veins can be seen on each lemma.
5467268 bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata Caryopsis in ventral view.
5467267 bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata Caryopses in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
5467265 knotroot foxtail Setaria parviflora Spikelets in ventral view with glumes and sterile lemma removed to reveal sterile palea atop the fertile floret.
5467266 yellow foxtail Setaria pumila ssp. pumila Spikelet in ventral view with lower glume and sterile lemma removed to reveal sterile palea.
5467264 knotroot foxtail Setaria parviflora Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views.
5467262 giant foxtail Setaria faberi Glumes and sterile lemma removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret.
5467263 giant foxtail Setaria faberi Spikelet in dorsal view showing upper glume and fertile lemma.
5467261 giant foxtail Setaria faberi Spikelets in dorsal, ventral and lateral views.
5467259 giant foxtail Setaria faberi Spikelets in ventral view, the one on the left at an angle.
5467260 giant foxtail Setaria faberi Floret in ventral view showing palea and edges of lemma.
5467257 giant foxtail Setaria faberi Caryopses in dorsal view showing embryo.
5467258 giant foxtail Setaria faberi Floret in dorsal view showing lemma.
5467255 bur bristlegrass Setaria adhaerens Florets in ventral view showing palea.
5467256 bur bristlegrass Setaria adhaerens Spikelet in dorsal view.
5467253 bur bristlegrass Setaria adhaerens Florets in dorsal view showing lemma.
5467254 bur bristlegrass Setaria adhaerens Spikelet in ventral view.
5467251 bur bristlegrass Setaria adhaerens Spikelet with bristles still attached. (There were originally two spikelets attached, with one bristle per spikelet.) Note that the bristles are retrorsely scabrous.
5467252 bur bristlegrass Setaria adhaerens Caryopsis in ventral view (left) showing hilum and in dorsal view (right) showing embryo.
5467250 common mediterraneangrass Schismus barbatus Spikelet.
5467249 common mediterraneangrass Schismus barbatus Two intact spikelets.
5467248 common mediterraneangrass Schismus barbatus Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of floret.
5467246 common mediterraneangrass Schismus barbatus Ventral view of florets. Note the hairs between the ribbed veins on the floret to the right.
5467247 common mediterraneangrass Schismus barbatus Two florets in ventral view and one in dorsal view. The transparency of the palea reveals the position and color of the caryopsis.
5467244 Arabian schismus Schismus arabicus Florets in ventral and dorsal views. Note deeply lobed lemma apex and hairy callus.
5467245 common mediterraneangrass Schismus barbatus Caryopses in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views.
5467243 Arabian schismus Schismus arabicus Florets in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Note transparency of palea.
5467242 Arabian schismus Schismus arabicus Florets in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views, labeled. Note transparency of palea.
5467240 Arabian schismus Schismus arabicus Caryopsis in ventral view.
5467241 Arabian schismus Schismus arabicus Caryopses in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. Note transparency.
5467239 Mediterranean hairgrass Rostraria cristata Lateral view of three florets.
5467237 Mediterranean hairgrass Rostraria cristata Lateral view of floret, close-up.
5467238 Mediterranean hairgrass Rostraria cristata Lateral view of florets. The three on the left are hirsute and probably came from lower down on the spikelet than the one on the right.
5467236 Mediterranean hairgrass Rostraria cristata Lateral view of floret, labeled.
5459917 common arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Labeled fruit.
5459919 Gregg arrowhead Sagittaria longiloba Labeled fruit.
5459927 California arrowhead Sagittaria montevidensis Labeled fruit.
5467235 Mediterranean hairgrass Rostraria cristata Lateral view of two caryopses.
5467234 Mediterranean hairgrass Rostraria cristata Three florets from the top of a spikelet.
5467232 water-bent Polypogon viridis Spikelets.
5467233 water-bent Polypogon viridis Spikelets. Note persistent pedicel/stipe at base.
5467231 water-bent Polypogon viridis Floret in ventral view (left) showing 2-veined palea and in dorsal view (right) showing lemma.
5467230 water-bent Polypogon viridis Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and slightly angled lateral (right) views.
5467223 rabbitfoot polypogon Polypogon monspeliensis Spikelet close-up. Note bristly glume apices.
5467224 rabbitfoot polypogon Polypogon monspeliensis Spikelets in lateral view. The lower glume is on the left in the first spikelet and on the right in the remaining spikelets.
5467222 rabbitfoot polypogon Polypogon monspeliensis Caryopsis in ventral view.
5467221 rabbitfoot polypogon Polypogon monspeliensis Caryopsis in lateral view.
5467229 ditch polypogon Polypogon interruptus Spikelets. Note that all awns are easily broken off.
5467228 ditch polypogon Polypogon interruptus Floret in ventral view, labeled.
5467227 ditch polypogon Polypogon interruptus Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views.
5467225 ditch polypogon Polypogon interruptus Spikelet, labeled.
5467226 ditch polypogon Polypogon interruptus Spikelet.
5466600 Sandberg bluegrass Poa secunda Floret pair showing the rachilla joining them.
5466601 Sandberg bluegrass Poa secunda Spikelet with two florets.
5466598 Sandberg bluegrass Poa secunda Floret, dorsal view.
5466599 Sandberg bluegrass Poa secunda Floret, ventral view.
5466596 Sandberg bluegrass Poa secunda A floret pair showing the rachilla joining them.
5466597 Sandberg bluegrass Poa secunda Caryopsis in ventral view.
5466595 Sandberg bluegrass Poa secunda Florets. All are seen in ventral view, revealing rachilla, except for the floret in the lower right corner, which is shown in dorsal view. Most of the lemma tips have been damaged.
5466584 Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Caryopsis in lateral view with some palea tissue still attached.
5466585 Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Florets, dorsal view. Callus hairs removed for better view. Note distinctly ribbed midvein.
5466583 Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Caryopses with some palea tissue still attached.
5466582 Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Since these florets have been commercially processed, the lemma tips are broken and the callus hairs have been rubbed off.
5466581 Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Floret in lateral view.
5466580 Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis Florets, showing normal (originally floret-bearing) and barren rachillas. The barren rachillas measure ca. 1.2 mm long.
5466578 bulbous bluegrass Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara Bulblets with leaf-like tips broken off.
5466579 bulbous bluegrass Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara Glumes subtending a spikelet of bulblets.
5466577 bulbous bluegrass Poa bulbosa ssp. vivipara Bulblet, close-up.
5466576 annual bluegrass Poa annua Floret in lateral view.
5466575 annual bluegrass Poa annua Florets, those in ventral view showing rachilla.
5466565 common reed Phragmites australis Two spikelet bases, which include glumes and a sterile floret.
5466574 annual bluegrass Poa annua Caryopsis in lateral view.
5466564 common reed Phragmites australis Top of a spikelet with six florets.
5466562 common reed Phragmites australis Caryopses in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Note persistent styles, which are easily broken off, at apex.
5466563 common reed Phragmites australis Lateral view of floret with hairs removed from callus. Some of the apex of the lemma is missing.
5466560 littleseed canarygrass Phalaris minor Disseminules (fertile florets with sterile lemmas attached).
5466561 littleseed canarygrass Phalaris minor Ventral view of fertile floret (with sterile lemma still attached) showing lemma edges enveloping palea.
5466559 littleseed canarygrass Phalaris minor Lateral view of fertile floret with sterile lemmas attached.
5466558 littleseed canarygrass Phalaris minor Caryopsis in lateral view.
5466557 canarygrass Phalaris canariensis Fertile floret subtended by the lemmas of two sterile florets.
5466555 canarygrass Phalaris canariensis Dorsal view of fertile floret (without sterile lemmas attached).
5466556 canarygrass Phalaris canariensis Ventral view of fertile floret (without sterile lemmas attached) showing lemma edges enveloping palea. Apex at right.
5466554 canarygrass Phalaris canariensis Lateral view of fertile floret without sterile lemmas attached.
5466553 canarygrass Phalaris canariensis Caryopsis in lateral view.
5466544 crimson fountaingrass Pennisetum setaceum Spikelet measuring 6.8 mm long.
5466545 crimson fountaingrass Pennisetum setaceum Disseminule with some bristles removed to reveal spikelet cluster.
5466543 crimson fountaingrass Pennisetum setaceum Spikelet with glumes removed.
5466542 crimson fountaingrass Pennisetum setaceum Caryopses in dorsal view (left) showing embryo and in ventral view (right) showing hilum.
5466541 crimson fountaingrass Pennisetum setaceum Close-up of a plumose bristle.
5466540 buffelgrass Pennisetum ciliare Three fascicles containing spikelet clusters subtended by whorls of bristles.
5466539 buffelgrass Pennisetum ciliare Three fascicles containing spikelet clusters subtended by whorls of bristles.
5466538 buffelgrass Pennisetum ciliare Disseminule (a fascicle) with some bristles removed to show the three spikelets.
5466537 buffelgrass Pennisetum ciliare Floret in ventral view.
5466536 buffelgrass Pennisetum ciliare Caryopsis in ventral view.
5466022 knotgrass Paspalum distichum Two spikelets in ventral view (left) showing sterile lemma and edges of upper glume and two in dorsal view (right) showing upper glume. Note pedicel remnant on the last spikelet.
5466021 knotgrass Paspalum distichum Floret in ventral view (left) showing palea and edges of lemma and in dorsal view (right) showing lemma.
5466020 knotgrass Paspalum distichum Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
5466018 dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum Spikelets in dorsal and ventral views.
5466019 dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum Spikelet in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views.
5466017 dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum Spikelets in dorsal and ventral views. Labeled.
5466015 dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum Floret in dorsal view showing fertile lemma.
5466016 dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum Floret in ventral view.
5466014 dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum Caryopsis in ventral view showing hilum.
5466012 desert panicgrass Panicum urvilleanum Sterile palea and sterile lemma still attached at their bases, but otherwise removed from the rest of the spikelet.
5466013 dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum Caryopsis in dorsal view showing embryo.
5466011 desert panicgrass Panicum urvilleanum Spikelet in lateral view.
5466010 desert panicgrass Panicum urvilleanum Spikelets in various views.
5466009 desert panicgrass Panicum urvilleanum Basal scar of floret.
5466007 desert panicgrass Panicum urvilleanum Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
5466008 desert panicgrass Panicum urvilleanum Florets in ventral (top) and dorsal (bottom) views. Note hairs on lemma margins.
5466003 witchgrass Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii Sterile palea.
5466002 witchgrass Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii Spikelet in lateral view.
5465999 witchgrass Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii Spikelet in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Labeled.
5466001 witchgrass Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii Spikelet in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
5465998 witchgrass Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
5465997 witchgrass Panicum capillare ssp. hillmanii Basal scar of floret.
5466006 fall panicum Panicum dichotomiflorum Spikelets in ventral and dorsal views.
5466004 fall panicum Panicum dichotomiflorum Floret in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
5466005 fall panicum Panicum dichotomiflorum Basal scar of floret.
5465996 witchgrass Panicum capillare ssp. capillare Basal scar of floret.
5465995 witchgrass Panicum capillare ssp. capillare Floret in dorsal (left), lateral (middle) and ventral (right) views.
5465991 rice Oryza sativa Lateral view of two fertile florets, each subtended by the lemmas of two sterile florets.
5465992 rice Oryza sativa Caryopsis in dorsal view. Note the thickness of the caryopsis.
5465990 rice Oryza sativa Lateral view of caryopses. Note longitudinal ridges.
5465993 rice Oryza sativa Dorsal view of fertile floret showing fertile lemma and attached sterile lemma.
5465994 rice Oryza sativa Ventral view of fertile floret with sterile lemma still attached.
5465989 poison ryegrass Lolium temulentum Caryopsis in ventral view showing linear hilum. Base at left.
5465988 poison ryegrass Lolium temulentum Floret in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Apex at top.
5465987 poison ryegrass Lolium temulentum Floret in dorsal view (top) and ventral view (bottom).
5465985 rigid ryegrass Lolium rigidum Caryopsis in ventral view (top) and dorsal view (bottom).
5465986 poison ryegrass Lolium temulentum Caryopsis in dorsal view. Vertical cracks due to rough handling.
5465984 rigid ryegrass Lolium rigidum Floret in ventral view.
5465982 rigid ryegrass Lolium rigidum Florets in dorsal view—the upper floret with a short awn, the lower floret with an awnless, irregularly notched apex.
5465983 rigid ryegrass Lolium rigidum Florets, the one at the bottom with an attached apical sterile floret.
5465981 perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne Dorsal view of florets with damaged apices.
5465979 perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne Florets—dorsal view (left), ventral view (center), ventral view with apical floret.
5465980 perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne Ventral view of caryopses showing linear hilum and some palea remnants.
5465978 perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne Dorsal view of caryopses.
5465969 sticky sprangletop Leptochloa viscida Lateral view of an immature spikelet with five florets (top) and three pairs of empty glumes on an inflorescence stalk (bottom).
5465972 sticky sprangletop Leptochloa viscida Dorsal view of florets. Note positions of the ribbed lateral veins near the margins.
5465973 sticky sprangletop Leptochloa viscida Ventral view of floret.
5465971 sticky sprangletop Leptochloa viscida Caryopsis in dorsal view.
5465970 sticky sprangletop Leptochloa viscida Caryopsis in ventral view.
5465967 Mexican sprangletop Leptochloa fusca ssp. uninervia Florets in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Note the distinct nature of lemma apex.
5465968 Mexican sprangletop Leptochloa fusca ssp. uninervia Caryopses in ventral view. Note that the caryopses are more or less translucent.
5465965 Mexican sprangletop Leptochloa fusca ssp. uninervia Caryopsis in lateral view.
5465966 Mexican sprangletop Leptochloa fusca ssp. uninervia Caryopses in dorsal view showing embryo.
5465963 bearded sprangletop Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis Three florets in dorsal view (top) and two in ventral view. Note the dark coloring on the lower half of the florets.
5465964 bearded sprangletop Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis Caryopsis in ventral view showing hilum.
5465962 bearded sprangletop Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis Caryopses in dorsal view showing embryo.
5463774 little lovegrass Eragrostis minor Two caryopses in dorsal view.
5464470 Mediterranean barley Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view. Labeled.
5464524 wall barley Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum Close-up of sterile palea, which is more or less glabrous.
5464523 wall barley Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum Caryopsis in ventral view showing linear hilum.
5464522 wall barley Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum Three disseminules, each consisting of multiple spikelets and florets.
5464520 wall barley Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view.
5464521 wall barley Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum Caryopsis in dorsal view.
5464509 leporinum barley Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum Close-up of base of sterile palea showing scabrous hairs.
5464519 wall barley Hordeum murinum ssp. murinum Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view. Labeled.
5464508 leporinum barley Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum Three disseminules, each consisting of multiple spikelets and florets.
5464507 leporinum barley Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum Disseminule with florets in ventral view. The rachis (to the left) was broken pulling the disseminule apart for a better view.
5464506 leporinum barley Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum Disseminule with florets in ventral view. The rachis was broken pulling the disseminule apart for a better view. Labeled.
5464504 leporinum barley Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum Disseminule in dorsal view. Labeled.
5464505 leporinum barley Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum Disseminule in dorsal view.
5464503 leporinum barley Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum Caryopsis in dorsal view.
5464502 leporinum barley Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum Caryopsis in ventral view showing linear hilar groove.
5464482 smooth barley Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum Three disseminules composed of multiple spikelets and florets.
5464480 smooth barley Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum Disseminule with fertile floret in ventral view. Labeled.
5464481 smooth barley Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum Disseminule with fertile floret in ventral view.
5464479 smooth barley Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view.
5464477 smooth barley Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum Caryopsis in ventral view showing linear hilar groove.
5464478 smooth barley Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view. Labeled.
5464476 smooth barley Hordeum murinum ssp. glaucum Caryopsis in dorsal view.
5464475 Mediterranean barley Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Caryopses in ventral view showing linear hilar groove.
5464474 Mediterranean barley Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Caryopses in dorsal view.
5464472 Mediterranean barley Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Disseminule with fertile floret in ventral view. Labeled.
5464473 Mediterranean barley Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Disseminule with fertile floret in ventral view.
5464471 Mediterranean barley Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Disseminule with fertile floret in dorsal view.
5464469 Mediterranean barley Hordeum marinum ssp. gussonianum Two disseminules with fertile floret in ventral view.
5464460 common velvetgrass Holcus lanatus Spikelet in lateral view. Note the purple coloring over the glume veins as well as the short awn on the upper glume (top).
5464458 common velvetgrass Holcus lanatus Caryopsis in lateral view.
5464459 common velvetgrass Holcus lanatus The sterile and fertile florets removed from the spikelet. Note the long callus hairs.
5464457 common velvetgrass Holcus lanatus Caryopsis in ventral view showing hilum in longitudinal groove.
5464456 common velvetgrass Holcus lanatus Spikelets in lateral view.
5464444 red fescue Festuca rubra ssp. rubra Lateral view of a terminal grouping of three florets.
5464445 red fescue Festuca rubra ssp. rubra ndividual florets (most in ventral view) and an apical terminal grouping of florets. Note purplish coloring inside some florets.
5464442 red fescue Festuca rubra ssp. rubra Ventral view of caryopsis showing linear hilum and deep hilar groove.
5464443 red fescue Festuca rubra ssp. rubra Ventral view of three florets with unbroken awns and glabrous calluses. Note bifid palea tip of the center floret.
5464441 red fescue Festuca rubra ssp. rubra Dorsal view of caryopsis.
5464376 western fescue Festuca occidentalis Ventral view of florets. The bottom specimen has a remnant of an anther attached.
5464375 western fescue Festuca occidentalis Dorsal view of florets. The lemmas, including the awns, are scabrous.
5464374 western fescue Festuca occidentalis Ventral view of caryopsis, showing the hilar groove in which palea tissue persists. Note that the base of the caryopsis (to the left) has been broken off.
5464372 western fescue Festuca occidentalis Caryopses in dorsal view. Palea tissue is still attached to the ventral sides.
5464373 western fescue Festuca occidentalis Individual florets (most in ventral view).
5464371 tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Ventral view of two florets, one with a terminal sterile floret attached to the rachilla. Both with damaged lemma tips.
5464370 tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Ventral view (left) and dorsal view (right) of two caryopses each. Apex at top.
5463803 prairie cupgrass Eriochloa contracta Spikelet in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
5463802 prairie cupgrass Eriochloa contracta Mature spikelets.
5463801 prairie cupgrass Eriochloa contracta Caryopses in ventral view, showing dark-colored hilum.
5463799 prairie cupgrass Eriochloa contracta Caryopses in dorsal view. Note that the embryos are about 1 mm long.
5463800 prairie cupgrass Eriochloa contracta Florets—immature in dorsal view (left), mature in ventral view (center, right). Only center floret has an intact awn.
5463798 tapertip cupgrass Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata Spikelets still attached to inflorescence.
5463797 tapertip cupgrass Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata Undeveloped caryopses resting within palea.
5463795 tapertip cupgrass Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata Floret in ventral view with callus intact (left) and dorsal view with callus missing (right).
5463796 tapertip cupgrass Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata Spikelet in dorsal view, showing upper glume.
5463794 tapertip cupgrass Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views.
5463790 India lovegrass Eragrostis pilosa Intact spikelet, close-up.
5463788 India lovegrass Eragrostis pilosa This disseminule consists of the caryopsis sheathed by only the lemma.
5463789 India lovegrass Eragrostis pilosa Intact spikelet, close-up. Labeled.
5463787 India lovegrass Eragrostis pilosa Two intact spikelets, one spikelet pedicel with persistent rachillas after florets have detached, one disseminule with palea and lemma, two disseminules with lemma only, and two loose caryopses.
5463786 India lovegrass Eragrostis pilosa Disseminule with both palea and lemma, but no rachilla.
5463782 tufted lovegrass Eragrostis pectinacea Top of a spikelet. The persistent paleas near the base reflect the acropetal disarticulation of disseminules.
5463785 India lovegrass Eragrostis pilosa Caryopses in various views.
5463781 tufted lovegrass Eragrostis pectinacea Nearly mature florets still attached to rachilla.
5463779 tufted lovegrass Eragrostis pectinacea Lateral view of a caryopsis measuring 0.7 mm long.
5463780 tufted lovegrass Eragrostis pectinacea The disseminule consists of the caryopsis sheathed by the lemma only.
5463778 little lovegrass Eragrostis minor Spikelets with glandular rings on their pedicels. Lateral veins of lemmas are green and ribbed.
5463777 little lovegrass Eragrostis minor Spikelets with glandular rings on their pedicels. Lateral veins of lemmas are green and ribbed. Labeled.
5463776 little lovegrass Eragrostis minor The disseminule typically consists of the caryopsis sheathed by the lemma only.
5463775 little lovegrass Eragrostis minor Basal floret still attached to rachis to show palea. Glume and lemma are glandular on their midveins.
5463773 little lovegrass Eragrostis minor Lateral views (left, center) and dorsal view (right) of caryopsis. Note variation in surface texture, from smooth to reticulate.
5463770 Mexican lovegrass Eragrostis mexicana Spikelet with glumes and basal disseminule missing.
5463768 Mexican lovegrass Eragrostis mexicana The disseminule typically consists of the caryopsis sheathed by only the lemma.
5463769 Mexican lovegrass Eragrostis mexicana Disseminule (lemma and caryopsis only) in lateral view.
5463767 Mexican lovegrass Eragrostis mexicana Caryopses in various views.
5463764 weeping lovegrass Eragrostis curvula Spikelet tip with two fertile florets still attached. Note that the brown caryopses can be seen through the ± translucent lemmas.
5463765 weeping lovegrass Eragrostis curvula Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views.
5463763 weeping lovegrass Eragrostis curvula Florets in ventral view. The brown caryopses can be seen through the ± translucent paleas.
5463756 stinkgrass Eragrostis cilianensis The disseminule typically consists of the caryopsis sheathed by only the lemma.
5463762 weeping lovegrass Eragrostis curvula Florets in dorsal view. Note that the veins are relatively opaque and therefore easily seen.
5463755 stinkgrass Eragrostis cilianensis Remnant of the top of a spikelet. Note long cilia on palea veins.
5463754 stinkgrass Eragrostis cilianensis The caryopses naturally rest on their sides since they are laterally compressed.
5463752 Mediterranean lovegrass Eragrostis barrelieri Disseminules (lemma plus caryopsis) in lateral (top) and ventral (bottom) views.
5463753 stinkgrass Eragrostis cilianensis Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views.
5463751 Mediterranean lovegrass Eragrostis barrelieri Top of a mature spikelet.
5463750 Mediterranean lovegrass Eragrostis barrelieri Caryopses in various views.
5463743 goosegrass Eleusine indica Dorsal view of florets showing lemma.
5463742 goosegrass Eleusine indica Floret in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views.
5463740 goosegrass Eleusine indica Attached florets at the top of a spikelet.
5463741 goosegrass Eleusine indica Florets in ventral view.
5463739 goosegrass Eleusine indica Dorsal side of fruits.
5463737 early watergrass Echinochloa oryzoides Outer bracts (glumes and sterile lemma) removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret.
5463738 goosegrass Eleusine indica Seed in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
5463735 early watergrass Echinochloa oryzoides Caryopsis in dorsal view (left) showing embryo and in ventral view (right) showing hilum.
5463736 early watergrass Echinochloa oryzoides Florets in dorsal view showing fertile lemma, which has a slightly withered apex.
5463734 early watergrass Echinochloa oryzoides Spikelets in various views. The upper glume is easily broken off of this disseminule and therefore may be missing.
5463732 early watergrass Echinochloa oryzoides Spikelet in lateral view. Labeled.
5463733 early watergrass Echinochloa oryzoides Spikelet in lateral view.
5463725 rough barnyardgrass Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Spikelet in dorsal view.
5463723 rough barnyardgrass Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Spikelets in ventral view.
5463724 rough barnyardgrass Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Outer bracts (glumes and sterile lemma) removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret.
5463722 rough barnyardgrass Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Floret in dorsal view showing fertile lemma with its slightly withered apex.
5463721 rough barnyardgrass Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Caryopsis in dorsal view (left) showing relatively large embryo and in ventral view (right) showing hilum.
5463720 gulf cockspur Echinochloa crus-pavonis Outer bracts (glumes and sterile lemma) removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret.
5463718 gulf cockspur Echinochloa crus-pavonis Floret in dorsal view showing fertile lemma, which has a withered apex (at right).
5463719 gulf cockspur Echinochloa crus-pavonis Spikelets in various views.
5463717 gulf cockspur Echinochloa crus-pavonis Caryopsis in dorsal view (left) showing embryo and in ventral view (right) showing hilum.
5463715 barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli Outer bracts removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret.
5463716 gulf cockspur Echinochloa crus-pavonis Spikelet in ventral view.
5463714 barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli Spikelet in ventral view.
5463713 barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli Lateral view of a spikelet with an awned sterile lemma. The upper glume is easily broken off of this disseminule and therefore may be missing from the disseminule.
5463712 barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli Florets in ventral view.
5463710 barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli Florets in dorsal view showing fertile lemma, which has a withered, hairy apex.
5463711 barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli Close-up of lemma tips showing presence of small hairs.
5463709 barnyardgrass Echinochloa crus-galli Caryopsis in ventral view (left) showing hilum and in dorsal view (right) showing large embryo.
5463697 junglerice Echinochloa colona Outer bracts (glumes and sterile lemma) removed to reveal sterile palea and fertile floret.
5463696 junglerice Echinochloa colona Spikelets in various views, some with purple coloring.
5463695 junglerice Echinochloa colona Close-up of spikelet in two views.
5463694 junglerice Echinochloa colona Floret in dorsal view showing fertile lemma with its withered apex.
5462915 saltgrass Distichlis spicata Ventral view of floret.
5462914 saltgrass Distichlis spicata Lateral view of one entire floret (left) and four florets with lemmas missing.
5462913 saltgrass Distichlis spicata Lateral view of florets.
5462911 saltgrass Distichlis spicata Caryopses in lateral view.
5462912 saltgrass Distichlis spicata Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Note bifid apex (i.e., styles).
5462910 large crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis Spikelets in ventral view.
5462908 large crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis Spikelets in dorsal view.
5462909 large crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis Mature spikelets, some in ventral view (showing lower glume and sterile lemma) and some in dorsal view (showing upper glume and fertile lemma). One floret (top right) in ventral view, showing palea and fertile lemma edges.
5462907 large crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis Caryopsis in dorsal view.
5462906 large crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis Floret (ventral view) with partially exposed caryopsis.
5462904 smooth crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum Spikelet in ventral view showing sterile lemma.
5462903 smooth crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum Spikelets, most in dorsal view, showing upper glume and a bit of the tip of the fertile lemma.
5462901 smooth crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum Caryopsis in ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views.
5462902 smooth crabgrass Digitaria ischaemum Floret (ventral view) with damaged palea and partially exposed caryopsis.
5462899 orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata Two single florets and three groups of attached florets (two groups with two florets each and one group with three florets).
5462900 orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata Florets in ventral view.
5462898 orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata Dorsal view of floret showing veins merging towards lemma apex.
5462897 orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata Florets in dorsal (left) and lateral (right, note long-ciliate midvein) views.
5462896 orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata Caryopses at an angle between lateral and ventral views.
5462895 orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata Caryopses in dorsal view showing embryo at base.
5462893 bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon Floret with lower glume attached, upper glume gone.
5462894 bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon Caryopses.
5462892 bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon Florets, some with a glume still attached.
5462891 bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon Lateral view of caryopsis. Note the bifid stylar base at the apex of the fruit.
5462889 feather fingergrass Chloris virgata Disseminule in lateral view.
5462890 feather fingergrass Chloris virgata First sterile floret pulled back to reveal a secondary sterile floret.
5462887 feather fingergrass Chloris virgata Lateral view of caryopses.
5462888 feather fingergrass Chloris virgata Disseminule in lateral view.
5462886 rhodesgrass Chloris gayana Disseminule in lateral view showing fertile floret and first sterile floret pulled apart.
5462885 rhodesgrass Chloris gayana Fertile floret in ventral view, with sterile floret(s) removed, showing bearded callus, short rachilla, palea, marginal hairs near apex of lemma, and awn.
5462884 rhodesgrass Chloris gayana Caryopsis in dorsal view.
5462883 rhodesgrass Chloris gayana Disseminule in lateral view showing fertile floret and first sterile floret as they naturally occur.
5462009 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Floret in dorsal (left) view. Note the U-shaped ridge at the base of the lemma.
5462019 field sandbur Cenchrus spinifex Spikelet with the spiny cupule removed.
5462018 field sandbur Cenchrus spinifex Caryopsis in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. Note the relatively large embryo.
5462017 field sandbur Cenchrus spinifex Floret in ventral view.
5462015 field sandbur Cenchrus spinifex Disseminule (cupule of fused bristles surrounding spikelets). Base at bottom.
5462016 field sandbur Cenchrus spinifex Floret in dorsal view. Note the U-shaped ridge at the base of the lemma.
5462014 field sandbur Cenchrus spinifex Disseminule (cupule of fused bristles surrounding spikelets).
5462013 field sandbur Cenchrus spinifex Close-up view of the disseminule reveals one of the spikelets enclosed by the spiny cupule.
5462012 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Spikelet with the spiny cupule removed. During dissection the lower glume often detaches from the spikelet.
5462011 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Spikelet with the spiny cupule removed. During dissection the lower glume often detaches from the spikelet.
5462010 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Floret in ventral view.
5462008 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Caryopses in dorsal view. Note stylar remnant at apex and the relatively large embryo.
5462005 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Spikelets surrounded by a spiny cupule form the disseminule. Labeled.
5462003 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Spikelets surrounded by a spiny cupule form the disseminule. Labeled.
5462004 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Spikelets surrounded by a spiny cupule form the disseminule. Base at bottom.
5462007 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Caryopsis in ventral view showing hilum.
5462006 longspine sandbur Cenchrus longispinus Close-up view of the disseminule showing the enclosed spikelets. Base at bottom.
5459576 Texas filaree Erodium texanum Two mericarp bodies.
5459577 Texas filaree Erodium texanum Seed—looking down on the hilum. Ridge extends from the end of the hilum right towards the apex of the seed.
5459575 Texas filaree Erodium texanum Mericarp, intact. Note the two hair types (long and short) on the twisted part of the beak.
5459571 whitestem filaree Erodium moschatum Close-up of the glands in the pits and furrows.
5459572 whitestem filaree Erodium moschatum Various mericarps.
5459573 whitestem filaree Erodium moschatum Seed—looking down on the hilum.
5459570 whitestem filaree Erodium moschatum Two views of two mericarps.
5459567 redstem filaree Erodium cicutarium Lateral views of two mericarp bodies showing the glabrous furrow below the pits.
5459568 redstem filaree Erodium cicutarium Two views of two seeds. The shallow grooves delineate the low ridge on the hilar side of the seed.
5459569 redstem filaree Erodium cicutarium Two views of two mericarps.
5459565 shortfruit stork's bill Erodium brachycarpum Two intact mericarps.
5459566 shortfruit stork's bill Erodium brachycarpum Two views of two seeds. The shallow grooves delineate the low ridge on the hilar side of the seed.
5459564 shortfruit stork's bill Erodium brachycarpum Lateral views of two mericarps.
5459562 broadleaf filaree Erodium botrys Two views of mericarp body.
5459563 broadleaf filaree Erodium botrys Two seed views. The shallow grooves delineate the low ridge that extends upwards from the end of the hilum.
5459560 broadleaf filaree Erodium botrys Close-up of a mericarp body. Note the ridges near the apex and the stiff antrorse hairs along the body.
5459561 broadleaf filaree Erodium botrys Multiple views of mericarp bodies.
5455902 green fiddleneck Amsinckia vernicosa var. vernicosa Abaxial face or back of two nutlets.
5455901 green fiddleneck Amsinckia vernicosa Nutlets of var. furcata (Suksd.) Hoover (left) and var. vernicosa (right).
5455900 forked green fiddleneck Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata The apical end of the nutlet. Note trigonous shape of nutlet.
5455899 forked green fiddleneck Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata Nutlets in adaxial view, showing longitudinal groove between the two faces of the adaxial side.
5455898 forked green fiddleneck Amsinckia vernicosa var. furcata Basal end of a nutlet, showing the longitudinal groove splitting into a fork.
5461331 garden vetch Vicia sativa ssp. nigra Seed tilted with hilum to the left. Note the black splotches on the dark reddish testa.
5461332 spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum Top of bur, showing one spiny beak (left) and the degenerate remnants of a second beak.
5461333 spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum Bur. Note hairs on body. One beak is hidden by a couple of spines.
5461334 spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum Disseminule. Note scattered hook-tipped spines and pair of beaks.
5461335 spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum Burs arranged with beaks at the top.
5461336 common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium Close-up of the top of the disseminule showing the pair of beaks.
5461337 common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium Cross-section of a bur showing the two fruit cavities, the uppermost with a seed inside.
5461338 common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium Disseminule. Note numerous hook-tipped spines and pair of beaks.
5461321 common mullein Verbascum thapsus Looking down on the flat apex of the seed.
5461322 common mullein Verbascum thapsus Seeds in various positions. The larger end is the apex.
5461323 common mullein Verbascum thapsus Seeds, close-up. Second seed has funicular remnant at base.
5461324 purplestamen mullein Verbascum virgatum Looking down on the flat apex of the seed.
5461325 purplestamen mullein Verbascum virgatum Seeds positioned with apex at top.
5461326 purplestamen mullein Verbascum virgatum Looking down on the hilar region of the seed.
5461327 garden vetch Vicia sativa ssp. nigra Sub-globose seeds, some with long hilum showing.
5461328 garden vetch Vicia sativa ssp. nigra Seed, showing hilum.
5461329 garden vetch Vicia sativa ssp. nigra Close-up of hilar region.
5461330 garden vetch Vicia sativa ssp. nigra Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds.
5461313 Persian speedwell Veronica persica Looking down on the base of a seed. Ventral side facing down.
5461314 Persian speedwell Veronica persica Dorsal view of three seeds. Base at bottom. Note the scarring on the first two seeds, which is not unusual. The transverse ridging is clearest on the last seed.
5461315 Persian speedwell Veronica persica Lateral view of two seeds. Ventral side facing left.
5461316 Persian speedwell Veronica persica Ventral view of three seeds. Base at bottom. In each seed, the hilum is hidden by funiculus.
5461317 purslane speedwell Veronica peregrina Looking down on the base of two seeds. Ventral side facing down.
5461318 purslane speedwell Veronica peregrina Dorsal view of four seeds. Base at bottom.
5461319 purslane speedwell Veronica peregrina Lateral view of two seeds. Ventral side facing left.
5461320 purslane speedwell Veronica peregrina Ventral view of three seeds. Base at bottom.
5461303 American speedwell Veronica americana Seeds, dorsal and ventral views.
5461304 American speedwell Veronica americana Lateral view of three seeds. Basal protrusion at bottom.
5461305 water speedwell Veronica anagallis-aquatica Ventral view of three seeds.
5461306 water speedwell Veronica anagallis-aquatica Close-up of dorsal face.
5461307 water speedwell Veronica anagallis-aquatica Ventral (showing hilum) and dorsal views of seeds. Inset is a view looking down on the base of the seed, with ventral side facing down.
5461308 water speedwell Veronica anagallis-aquatica Lateral view. Ventral side facing left.
5461309 corn speedwell Veronica arvensis Looking down on the base of two seeds. Ventral side facing down.
5461310 corn speedwell Veronica arvensis Dorsal view of three seeds. Base at bottom.
5461311 corn speedwell Veronica arvensis Lateral view. Ventral side facing left.
5461312 corn speedwell Veronica arvensis Ventral view of three seeds. Base at bottom. Note large size of the hilar scar.
5461295 burning nettle Urtica urens Close-up of fruit's surface.
5461296 burning nettle Urtica urens Lateral view of two fruits. Apices at top.
5461298 burning nettle Urtica urens Fruit.
5461299 burning nettle Urtica urens Top view of two fruits.
5461300 burning nettle Urtica urens Empty tepals. (Fruit has slipped out of perianth.)
5461301 American speedwell Veronica americana Dorsal view of three seeds. Note protrusion at base.
5461302 American speedwell Veronica americana Ventral view of three seeds. Note the obscure line running from the hilum to the base on the first seed.
5461284 white clover Trifolium repens Close-up of hilar region.
5461285 white clover Trifolium repens Lateral view of three seeds positioned so that the relatively narrow radicle is at the top and the cotyledons, with dark spot over them, is at the bottom.
5461286 puncturevine Tribulus terrestris Bottomside view of an intact fruit. Note fruit stem in center.
5461287 puncturevine Tribulus terrestris Cross-section of a mericarp showing two locules—one containing a seed (top) and one empty.
5461288 puncturevine Tribulus terrestris Five mericarps, with the pair in the upper left corner still attached to each other.
5461289 puncturevine Tribulus terrestris Two views of two immature seeds.
5461290 stinging nettle Urtica dioica Fruit with inner tepals still attached. Note the fragility of the tepals.
5461291 stinging nettle Urtica dioica Lateral view of three fruits. Apices at top.
5461292 stinging nettle Urtica dioica Close-up of fruit's surface. Inset is of the stylar remnant.
5461293 stinging nettle Urtica dioica Fruits, the first one with some perianth tissue still attached. Apices at top.
5461294 burning nettle Urtica urens Bottom view of two fruits.
5461275 knotted hedgeparsley Torilis nodosa Abaxial side of three mericarps. Note scattered hairs among tubercles and spines of varying lengths.
5461276 knotted hedgeparsley Torilis nodosa Adaxial side of three mericarps. Note deep dark longitudinal groove leading from scar to stylopodium.
5461277 knotted hedgeparsley Torilis nodosa Close-up of mericarp surface.
5461278 knotted hedgeparsley Torilis nodosa Fruits still on the inflorescence.
5461279 Pacific poison-oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Basal view of three fruits, showing large stem attachment scar.
5461280 Pacific poison-oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Mature fruits in various positions.
5461281 Pacific poison-oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Lateral view of three fruits. Stem scar facing left.
5461282 Pacific poison-oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Apical view of three fruits.
5461283 white clover Trifolium repens Seeds positioned on one of their faces with hilar notch pointing up. Note shallow groove between radicle on left side of seed and the cotyledons on the right.
5461267 field pennycress Thlaspi arvense Seeds, lateral view. Radicle positioned towards the front, cotyledons to the back.
5461268 field pennycress Thlaspi arvense Looking down on the hilar region of two seeds.
5461269 hedgeparsley Torilis arvensis Fruits on inflorescence and two loose mericarps.
5461270 hedgeparsley Torilis arvensis Adaxial side of three mericarps. Note the deep longitudinal groove leading up to the distinctive apex formed by stylopodium.
5461271 hedgeparsley Torilis arvensis Abaxial side of three mericarps. Apex at top. Note long hairs among the short spines.
5461272 hedgeparsley Torilis arvensis Adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) sides of a long-spined pair of mericarps. Attachment scar at bottom.
5461273 knotted hedgeparsley Torilis nodosa Mericarps in various positions, some with tubercles, some with short to long spines.
5461274 knotted hedgeparsley Torilis nodosa Abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) sides of a long-spined pair of mericarps. Attachment scar at bottom.
5461259 feverfew Tanacetum parthenium Fruit with corolla still attached. Note the yellowish glands on the ribbed fruit body.
5461260 feverfew Tanacetum parthenium Ventral (left) and lateral (right) views of fruits with coroniform pappi at the apex.
5461261 feverfew Tanacetum parthenium Looking down on the apex of three fruits. Note the lobed stylar bases, which are most clearly seen in the first and third specimens.
5461262 dandelion Taraxacum officinale Looking down on the stylar remnant.
5461263 dandelion Taraxacum officinale Basal fruit attachment scar.
5461264 dandelion Taraxacum officinale Three fruit bodies, the center one with the beak still attached.
5461265 dandelion Taraxacum officinale Lateral view of a fruit body, with inset of a fruit body cross-section.
5461266 field pennycress Thlaspi arvense Seeds, face view. Note distinctive concentric ridges.
5461252 common chickweed Stellaria media Marginal view of seed showing hilar region.
5461253 common chickweed Stellaria media Seed on edge at an angle (note wedge shape). Hilum is unseen at the bottom.
5461254 wild marigold Tagetes minuta Close-up of basal fruit attachment scar of two disseminules. The left fruit is lying on its dorsal side and the right one on a lateral side.
5461255 wild marigold Tagetes minuta Close-up of pappus scales on two fruits. The top fruit is lying on its dorsal side and the bottom fruit is lying on a lateral side.
5461256 wild marigold Tagetes minuta Four fruits with pappus scales intact. The top and third fruits are lying on their dorsal side, the second and bottom fruits are lying on a lateral side.
5461257 wild marigold Tagetes minuta Four fruits with scales attached.
5461258 feverfew Tanacetum parthenium Looking down on the base of two fruits. The fruit attachment scars are variably lobed in this species.
5461241 annual sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus Looking down on the apex (top) and basal fruit attachment scar (bottom) of a disseminule.
5461242 annual sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus Cross-section of fruit body.
5461243 annual sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus Fruits with pappus removed. They are aligned so that the stylar end of each fruit is at the top.
5461244 annual sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus Fruits, the top one in lateral view.
5461245 corn spurry Spergula arvensis Close-up of seed surface and the club-shaped papillae.
5461246 corn spurry Spergula arvensis Some seeds with club-shaped papillae.
5461247 corn spurry Spergula arvensis Marginal view—looking down on the hilum.
5461248 corn spurry Spergula arvensis Arrow pointing to hilum.
5461249 corn spurry Spergula arvensis Seed with club-shaped papillae.
5461250 common chickweed Stellaria media Seeds in various positions. Darker area is the notch where the hilum is located.
5461251 common chickweed Stellaria media Close-up of seeds (the left one is positioned at an angle, the right seed is lying flat).
5459996 purple nightshade Solanum xanti Seed surface, close-up. White tissue represents remnants of the dried mucilaginous envelope.
5459997 purple nightshade Solanum xanti Note the large amount of whitish pericarp tissue still attached to the seed's surface.
5459998 purple nightshade Solanum xanti Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed.
5459999 purple nightshade Solanum xanti Lateral view of five seeds showing hilum (see arrows).
5461236 spiny sowthistle Sonchus asper Looking down on the apical scar of two fruits with pappus removed. Note the compression of the fruits.
5461237 spiny sowthistle Sonchus asper Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar of two disseminules.
5461238 spiny sowthistle Sonchus asper Close-up of fruit body.
5461239 spiny sowthistle Sonchus asper Fruits with pappus removed and aligned with the apical scar at top.
5461240 spiny sowthistle Sonchus asper Fruits, each entangled in its own pappus.
5459986 buffalobur Solanum rostratum Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed.
5459987 buffalobur Solanum rostratum Marginal view of two seeds showing hilum.
5459988 buffalobur Solanum rostratum Hilum, close-up.
5459989 cutleaf nightshade Solanum triflorum Close-up of seed's surface.
5459990 cutleaf nightshade Solanum triflorum Arrows point to the marginal position of the hilum for each seed.
5459991 cutleaf nightshade Solanum triflorum Lateral view of four seeds showing hilum. The dark tissue represents remnants of the dried mucilaginous envelope.
5459992 bluewitch nightshade Solanum umbelliferum Seed surface, close-up.
5459993 bluewitch nightshade Solanum umbelliferum Seeds in various positions.
5459994 bluewitch nightshade Solanum umbelliferum Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed.
5459995 bluewitch nightshade Solanum umbelliferum Lateral view of four seeds showing hilum.
5459981 hairy nightshade Solanum physalifolium Seeds in various positions.
5459982 hairy nightshade Solanum physalifolium Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed.
5459983 hairy nightshade Solanum physalifolium Marginal view of four seeds showing hilum.
5459984 buffalobur Solanum rostratum Close-up of surface, showing pitting and iridescence.
5459985 buffalobur Solanum rostratum Seed, hilum in notch on lower left.
5459977 black nightshade Solanum nigrum Close-up of seed's surface showing fine striations on top of the honeycombed texture.
5459978 black nightshade Solanum nigrum Arrows point to the marginal position of the hilum for each seed. Note that it is often below the seed's shallow notch.
5459979 black nightshade Solanum nigrum Lateral view of three seeds showing hilum.
5459980 hairy nightshade Solanum physalifolium Seed surface, close-up.
5459967 robust horsenettle Solanum dimidiatum Seed surface, close-up.
5459968 robust horsenettle Solanum dimidiatum Seed surface at high magnification.
5459969 robust horsenettle Solanum dimidiatum Variation in seeds.
5459970 robust horsenettle Solanum dimidiatum Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed.
5459971 robust horsenettle Solanum dimidiatum Lateral view of five seeds showing hilum (see arrows).
5459972 silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium Angled close-up showing hilum.
5459973 silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed.
5459974 silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium Fruits with persistent calyx.
5459975 silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium Lateral view of two seeds showing hilum.
5459976 black nightshade Solanum nigrum Hilum (unseen) along lower right edge.
5459957 London rocket Sisymbrium irio Seeds positioned on their narrow sides, with hilum at top and cotyledonary bulge in front.
5459958 hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale Middle seed is lying on its flatter face. The other seeds are resting off-center on their longitudinally convex faces. Hilum at top.
5459959 hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale Looking down at the hilar region of two seeds.
5459960 hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale Seeds on their side. Note the strongly transversely-ridged face on right side of the right seed.
5459961 oriental mustard Sisymbrium orientale The transversely convex face of two seeds. Cotyledons represent the larger bulge, which sometimes has greenish speckling.
5459962 oriental mustard Sisymbrium orientale Seeds positioned on their sides, with the transversely ridged side facing left and the hilum at the top.
5459963 oriental mustard Sisymbrium orientale Looking down at the hilar region of three seeds.
5459964 American black nightshade Solanum americanum Close-up of seed's surface showing undulating ridges.
5459965 American black nightshade Solanum americanum Arrows point to the notch along which lies the hilum for each seed.
5459966 American black nightshade Solanum americanum Lateral view of three seeds showing hilum.
5459947 wild mustard Sinapis arvensis ooking down on the hilar region of two seeds.
5459948 wild mustard Sinapis arvensis Close-up of hilar region.
5459949 wild mustard Sinapis arvensis Seeds in various positions. Note the lack of a ridge formed by the radicle.
5459950 wild mustard Sinapis arvensis Seed without hilum showing.
5459951 wild mustard Sinapis arvensis Note how the faint reticular striations radiate outwards from the hilum.
5459952 tumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum On the third seed, note the greenish markings as well as the transverse ridge on one of the two faces.
5459953 tumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum Seeds with hilar region at bottom. Longitudinal grooves mark the division between the radicle and the cotyledons on each seed.
5459954 tumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum Looking down, at a slight angle, on the hilar region of four seeds. On each seed, the larger of the two lobes is where the cotyledons lie and the smaller lobe represents the position of the radicle.
5459955 London rocket Sisymbrium irio Seeds positioned with hilum at top. The longitudinal groove separates the radicle from the cotyledons.
5459956 London rocket Sisymbrium irio Looking down at the hilar region of three seeds.
5459937 common groundsel Senecio vulgaris Fruits without pappus, close-up. These fruits lack distinctive ribs.
5459938 common groundsel Senecio vulgaris Fruits without pappus.
5459939 common groundsel Senecio vulgaris Fruits without pappus. Ribs are evident. Note that the stylar remnant protrudes beyond the apical collar in some fruits.
5459940 English catchfly Silene gallica Peripheral view of a seed resting on its hilar end. Note the bejeweled look of the papillae on the raised cells.
5459941 English catchfly Silene gallica Seeds in various positions, including one where the hilum is facing straight up.
5459942 English catchfly Silene gallica Peripheral view of the orange-colored hilar opening. Note the grayish sheen on the seed's surface.
5459943 English catchfly Silene gallica Seeds in lateral view showing kidney-shaped outline and hilum in marginal notch.
5459944 blessed milkthistle Silybum marianum Fruits without pappus aligned with the apical scar at the top. Note rippled fruit surface. Inset is a cross-section of one fruit.
5459946 wild mustard Sinapis arvensis Close-up of the hilar region. Note the finely striated surfaces of the interspaces and reticulum.
5459928 California arrowhead Sagittaria montevidensis Fruit, attachment scar at bottom.
5459929 barbwire Russian-thistle Salsola paulsenii Most fruits with attached perianth are positioned with their apices upward. The spinose apical tip characterizes this species.
5459930 Russian-thistle Salsola tragus Looking down on the bases (where perianth bracts are attached) of two disseminules.
5459931 Russian-thistle Salsola tragus Disseminules with varying amounts of perianth attached. Note obovoid shape of most fruits.
5459932 Russian-thistle Salsola tragus Looking down on the bases of two seeds after most perianth tissue has been removed. Note coiled embryo.
5459933 Russian-thistle Salsola tragus Looking down on the tops of two seeds after most perianth tissue has been removed. Note coiled embryo.
5459934 Russian-thistle Salsola tragus Looking down on the apices of two fruits with perianth attached.
5459935 common groundsel Senecio vulgaris Looking down on the pronounced apical collar and prominent style base of two fruits.
5459936 common groundsel Senecio vulgaris Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of two fruits.
5459920 Gregg arrowhead Sagittaria longiloba Fruit, attachment scar at bottom.
5459921 Gregg arrowhead Sagittaria longiloba Close-up of top of fruit.
5459922 Gregg arrowhead Sagittaria longiloba ruits. Note wavy texture of the surface of the wings and horseshoe-shaped embryo.
5459923 Gregg arrowhead Sagittaria longiloba Looking down on the bases of two fruits.
5459924 California arrowhead Sagittaria montevidensis Embryo.
5459925 California arrowhead Sagittaria montevidensis Fruits. Note thinness and fragility (especially around stem scar at base) of the pericarp. The beak of the first fruit (furthest left) is also broken.
5459926 California arrowhead Sagittaria montevidensis Looking down on the ragged base of a fruit.
5459918 common arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Fruit, attachment scar at bottom.
5459914 common arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Embryo.
5459915 common arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Fruits.
5459916 common arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Looking down on the base of a fruit.
5459911 cluster dock Rumex conglomeratus Fruits with perianth removed. Apices at top.
5459912 curly dock Rumex crispus Disseminules, some with outer tepals still attached.
5459913 curly dock Rumex crispus Looking down on the base of a fruit that has been cut in half.
5459879 ladies' tobacco Pseudognaphalium californicum Looking down on the bases of four fruits. Ring-like structure is fruit attachment scar.
5459901 marsh yellowcress Rorippa palustris Close-up of surface around hilar region. Note the curved radicle tip. Hilum above that.
5459902 marsh yellowcress Rorippa palustris Seeds in various positions
5459903 marsh yellowcress Rorippa palustris Face view of two seeds. Hilar region at top. Radicle on left, cotyledons on right.
5459904 red sorrel Rumex acetosella Mature fruit wrapped in perianth and with pedicel still attached.
5459905 red sorrel Rumex acetosella Fruits with perianth still attached.
5459906 red sorrel Rumex acetosella Fruits with apices towards top.
5459907 red sorrel Rumex acetosella Looking down on the apex (left) and base (right) of a fruit.
5459908 cluster dock Rumex conglomeratus Fruit without perianth attached. Apex at top.
5459909 cluster dock Rumex conglomeratus Looking down on the apex (left) and base of a fruit that has been cut in half.
5459910 cluster dock Rumex conglomeratus Two labelled fruits with perianth and pedicel attached.
5459892 wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum Looking down on the hilar region of the seed.
5459893 wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum Seed. Note the three ridges outlining the position of the radicle.
5459894 curvepod yellowcress Rorippa curvisiliqua Fruit and seeds.
5459895 curvepod yellowcress Rorippa curvisiliqua Looking down on the hilar regions of two seeds. Note oblong cross-section.
5459896 curvepod yellowcress Rorippa curvisiliqua Lateral view. Hilum at bottom. Radicle in front.
5459897 curvepod yellowcress Rorippa curvisiliqua Close-up of surface around hilar region. Note the air-filled, shiny bubbles covering the surface.
5459898 curvepod yellowcress Rorippa curvisiliqua Seeds in face view. Note dark hilar region.
5459899 marsh yellowcress Rorippa palustris Fruit and seeds. Fruit apex to right.
5459900 marsh yellowcress Rorippa palustris Looking down on the hilar regions of two seeds. Radicle at the top, cotyledons at the bottom. Funicular remnants missing.
5459882 Jersey cudweed Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Fruits at various angles.
5459883 Jersey cudweed Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Looking down on the bases of three fruits. Ring-like structure is fruit attachment scar.
5459884 Jersey cudweed Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Labelled fruit with a prominent style remnant.
5459885 Jersey cudweed Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Looking down on the apices of four fruits. Note that only one of the fruits has retained a prominent style base.
5459886 cottonbatting plant Pseudognaphalium stramineum Fruits at various angles. Note the cottony hairs, which cover the rest of the plant, occurring (but not originating) on some of the fruits (e.g., lower left).
5459887 cottonbatting plant Pseudognaphalium stramineum Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar of four fruits.
5459888 cottonbatting plant Pseudognaphalium stramineum Fruits lying on their dorsal side with apices towards top. The ventral ridge is barely visible on each fruit.
5459889 cottonbatting plant Pseudognaphalium stramineum Looking down upon the apices of four fruits. Note that only the first two fruits have prominent stylar tissue attached.
5459890 wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum Close-up of the seed's surface. Note pitting in the reticular interspaces.
5459891 wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum Two fruit fragments. Some of the pericarp has been removed from the second fragment to reveal the seed.
5459880 ladies' tobacco Pseudognaphalium californicum Looking down on the apices of three fruits, each with varying amounts of stylar tissue attached.
5459881 Jersey cudweed Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Fruits with stylar remnants at top and attachment scars at bottom.
5459874 two-color rabbit-tobacco Pseudognaphalium biolettii Fruits at various angles.
5459875 two-color rabbit-tobacco Pseudognaphalium biolettii Looking down on the bases of four fruits. Ring-like structure is fruit attachment scar.
5459876 two-color rabbit-tobacco Pseudognaphalium biolettii Fruit, lateral view.
5459877 two-color rabbit-tobacco Pseudognaphalium biolettii Looking down on the apices of four fruits.
5459878 ladies' tobacco Pseudognaphalium californicum Fruits at various angles.
5459864 Virginia winged rockcress Planodes virginicum Close-up of the surface of the seed near the hilar region.
5459865 Virginia winged rockcress Planodes virginicum Seeds in various positions.
5459866 Virginia winged rockcress Planodes virginicum Face view of two seeds. Hilar region at bottom. Note that the groove separating radicle from cotyledons is very short.
5459867 prostrate knotweed Polygonum aviculare Old fruit with perianth. Apex at top.
5459868 prostrate knotweed Polygonum aviculare Looking down on the fruit apex. Note that one of the faces is significantly narrower than the other two faces.
5459869 prostrate knotweed Polygonum aviculare Three fruits with most of the perianth removed. Note granular surface and divided apex.
5459870 common purslane Portulaca oleracea Close-up of seed's surface. Note variation in the shape of the tubercles.
5459871 common purslane Portulaca oleracea Seeds in face view. Note groove extending inwards from the hilar region.
5459872 common purslane Portulaca oleracea Lateral view of seed with hilar region in two positions.
5459873 common purslane Portulaca oleracea Seed, hilar region in lower left.
5459855 buckhorn plantain Plantago lanceolata Ventral view of three seeds.
5459856 buckhorn plantain Plantago lanceolata An intact fruit, partial fruit shell, and several seeds.
5459857 buckhorn plantain Plantago lanceolata Lateral view of four seeds. Ventral surface facing left.
5459858 broadleaf plantain Plantago major Dorsal face of seed. Note the pronounced wrinkles.
5459859 broadleaf plantain Plantago major Seeds in various positions. Hilum on ventral side.
5459860 broadleaf plantain Plantago major Looking down on the ventral faces of two seeds. Seed on the right is at a slight angle.
5459861 broadleaf plantain Plantago major Lateral view of three seeds. Ventral side facing right. Note variation in compression.
5459862 Virginia winged rockcress Planodes virginicum Fruit and seeds.
5459863 Virginia winged rockcress Planodes virginicum Lateral view of three seeds. Ventral side facing right. Note variation in compression.
5459848 cutleaf groundcherry Physalis lancifolia Lateral view of four seeds. Arrows point to the hilum.
5459849 cutleaf groundcherry Physalis lancifolia Hilum in notch.
5459850 tomatillo groundcherry Physalis philadelphica Seeds in various positions.
5459851 tomatillo groundcherry Physalis philadelphica Lateral view of four seeds. Arrows point to hilar opening.
5459852 tomatillo groundcherry Physalis philadelphica Close-up of seed and its relatively long hilum.
5459853 tomatillo groundcherry Physalis philadelphica Long hilum on lower right edge.
5459854 buckhorn plantain Plantago lanceolata Close-up of the surface of the dorsal face of the seed.
5459842 sharpleaf groundcherry Physalis acutifolia Close-up of seed showing undulating ridges.
5459843 sharpleaf groundcherry Physalis acutifolia Arrows point to the shallow notch along which lies the hilum for each seed.
5459844 sharpleaf groundcherry Physalis acutifolia Face view of a seed, hilum along lower right edge.
5459845 sharpleaf groundcherry Physalis acutifolia Lateral view of three seeds showing hilum.
5459846 cutleaf groundcherry Physalis lancifolia Seed surface, close-up.
5459847 cutleaf groundcherry Physalis lancifolia The uppermost seed has some pericarp still attached to it.
5459839 dotted smartweed Persicaria punctata Looking down on the apex (left) and base (right) of the fruit.
5459840 dotted smartweed Persicaria punctata Fruits covered by perianth. Perianth has turned from green to brownish with age.
5459841 dotted smartweed Persicaria punctata Close-up of glands on perianth of an old fruit.
5459830 pale smartweed Persicaria lapathifolia Fruits, some with perianth tissue still attached.
5459831 pale smartweed Persicaria lapathifolia Lateral view of a biconcave fruit with the apex and stylar remnant at the top.
5459832 pale smartweed Persicaria lapathifolia Looking down on the apex of the fruit.
5459833 ladysthumb Persicaria maculosa Looking down on the apex of a biconvex (left) and a trigonous (right) fruit.
5459834 ladysthumb Persicaria maculosa Looking down on the base of a biconvex (left) and a trigonous (right) fruit.
5459835 ladysthumb Persicaria maculosa A biconvex fruit (left) and a trigonous fruit (right, looking down on one of the rounded edges). Apices at top.
5459836 ladysthumb Persicaria maculosa Fruit with perianth still attached.
5459837 dotted smartweed Persicaria punctata Close-up of uneven surface with minute pitting.
5459838 dotted smartweed Persicaria punctata Fruits with some perianth remnants at the base.
5459822 creeping woodsorrel Oxalis corniculata Seed with whitish aril still attached.
5459823 creeping woodsorrel Oxalis corniculata Seeds positioned on one of their flat faces, with hilum at bottom. Note transverse ridging. White remnants are of the aril that enclosed the seed and ejected it from the fruit.
5459824 creeping woodsorrel Oxalis corniculata Looking down on the hilar tip.
5459825 swamp smartweed Persicaria hydropiperoides Looking down on the apices of two fruits.
5459826 swamp smartweed Persicaria hydropiperoides Looking down on the base of the fruit at the round attachment scar.
5459827 swamp smartweed Persicaria hydropiperoides Fruits with some perianth tissue still attached.
5459828 swamp smartweed Persicaria hydropiperoides Fruit positioned so that the apex is to the right.
5459829 pale smartweed Persicaria lapathifolia Looking down on the base of the fruit.
5459816 cutleaf evening-primrose Oenothera laciniata Seeds positioned with raphe up.
5459817 Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium Three fruits.
5459818 Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium Lateral view of a fruit with an inset of the fruit's 4-sided cross-section.
5459819 Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium Young fruit with pappus and corolla remnant still attached. Note the reddish color of the bristles.
5459820 creeping woodsorrel Oxalis corniculata Dehisced fruit and four loose seeds.
5459821 creeping woodsorrel Oxalis corniculata Lateral view of the relatively thin seeds, each furrowed along the margin. Hilum at bottom.
5459806 yellow sweetclover Melilotus officinalis Lateral view of three seeds.
5459807 yellow sweetclover Melilotus officinalis Close-up of hilar region.
5459808 yellow sweetclover Melilotus officinalis Seeds positioned on one of their faces with hilar notch pointing up. Note shallow, pale groove running from the hilum towards narrow end of the seed. Radicle is on the right.
5459809 Texas toadflax Nuttallanthus texanus The seed face lacking the longitudinal groove. Hilum at bottom.
5459810 Texas toadflax Nuttallanthus texanus Looking down on the flat, dimpled apex of the seed. Note that each seed is ± 5-sided in cross-section.
5459811 Texas toadflax Nuttallanthus texanus Seed face with longitudinal groove. Hilum at bottom.
5459812 Texas toadflax Nuttallanthus texanus Seeds in various positions.
5459813 cutleaf evening-primrose Oenothera laciniata Seeds positioned with raphe down. Note honeycombed surface with large pits.
5459814 cutleaf evening-primrose Oenothera laciniata Seeds, most positioned on their side. Arrows point to raphe.
5459815 cutleaf evening-primrose Oenothera laciniata Looking down on the base of the seed to see the seed's triangular cross-section.
5459799 white sweetclover Melilotus albus Close-up of hilar region.
5459800 white sweetclover Melilotus albus Seeds positioned on one of their faces with hilar notch pointing up. Note shallow, light-colored groove running from the hilum towards the narrow end of the seed. Radicle is positioned on the right.
5459801 annual yellow sweetclover Melilotus indicus Two mature fruits.
5459802 annual yellow sweetclover Melilotus indicus Lateral view of two seeds. Note dark spot over tips of cotyledons.
5459803 annual yellow sweetclover Melilotus indicus Close-up of hilar region.
5459804 annual yellow sweetclover Melilotus indicus Seeds positioned on one of their faces with hilar notch pointing up. Note shallow, dark groove running from the hilum towards the narrow end of the seed. Radicle is positioned on the right.
5459805 yellow sweetclover Melilotus officinalis Three mature fruits. The venation is not as clear on these fruits as it typically is on other fruits.
5459791 California burclover Medicago polymorpha Lateral view of three seeds.
5459792 California burclover Medicago polymorpha Seeds positioned on one of their flat faces.
5459793 California burclover Medicago polymorpha Dehiscing fruit with seed. Spines have been reduced to tubercles on this fruit.
5459794 California burclover Medicago polymorpha Seeds. The whitish line delineating radicle from cotyledons is visible on most of these seeds.
5459795 alfalfa Medicago sativa Seeds positioned on one of their flat faces. Note shallow, pale groove running from the hilum towards the far end of the seed, delineating the positions of the radicle and cotyledons.
5459796 alfalfa Medicago sativa Lateral view of four seeds positioned so that the radicle is at the top, the hilum is central, and the cotyledons are at the bottom. Note darkened splotch over cotyledons.
5459797 white sweetclover Melilotus albus Five fruits with calyx still attached.
5459798 white sweetclover Melilotus albus Lateral view of three seeds positioned so that the narrow radicle is at the top. Note small dark spot over tip of radicle and large, bilobal spot over tips of cotyledons.
5459784 pineapple-weed Matricaria discoidea Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of four disseminules.
5459785 pineapple-weed Matricaria discoidea Fruit, labelled.
5459786 pineapple-weed Matricaria discoidea Looking down on the apices of four fruits.
5459788 black medic Medicago lupulina Lateral view of three seeds positioned so that the radicle is at the top, the hilum is central, and the cotyledons are at the bottom.
5459789 black medic Medicago lupulina Close-up of hilar region.
5459790 black medic Medicago lupulina Seeds positioned on one of their faces. Note shallow, pale groove running from the hilum towards the far end of the seed. Radicle is positioned on the right.
5459782 pineapple-weed Matricaria discoidea Fruits, which are easily identified based on the elongated reddish-brown mucilage glands.
5459783 pineapple-weed Matricaria discoidea Fruits aligned so that stylar end is at the top.
5459774 little mallow Malva parviflora Fruit segments viewed from the top or bottom appear triangular in outline, those viewed from the side look round.
5459775 little mallow Malva parviflora Looking down on the hilar region of the seed. Funiculus sits above flap.
5459776 little mallow Malva parviflora Seeds. The funiculus has pulled away from the hilar region, creating a flap in each notch.
5459777 little mallow Malva parviflora Looking down on three fruit segments, the first rolled so that mostly the top shows and the third so that mostly the bottom shows.
5459778 white horehound Marrubium vulgare Dorsal view of two nutlets. Truncate apex at top.
5459779 white horehound Marrubium vulgare Apical (top) and basal (bottom) views of nutlet. Ventral side facing down.
5459780 white horehound Marrubium vulgare Lateral view of two nutlets. Ventral side facing left. Attachment scar at bottom.
5459781 white horehound Marrubium vulgare Ventral view of five nutlets. Truncate apex at top.
5459765 alkali mallow Malvella leprosa Mericarp. Note the star-shaped hairs on the orange back and the veins on the whitish ventral side.
5459766 alkali mallow Malvella leprosa Fruit segment viewed from ventral side. Damaged pericarp tissue reveals the seed inside.
5459767 common mallow Malva neglecta Backside of fruit. Some calyx has been removed to show the underside of the fruit segments.
5459768 common mallow Malva neglecta Mature fruit with persistent calyx. Note the surface hairs.
5459769 common mallow Malva neglecta Hilar region close-up.
5459770 common mallow Malva neglecta Seeds. The funiculus has pulled away from the hilar region, creating a flap within each notch.
5459771 common mallow Malva neglecta Lateral view of four fruit segments. The darker edge corresponds to the top of the mericarp.
5459772 little mallow Malva parviflora Backside of intact fruit showing calyx.
5459773 little mallow Malva parviflora Mature fruit with persistent calyx. Note the jagged abscission zones between mericarps.
5459756 matrimony vine Lycium barbarum Two seeds with clearly visible round hila. First seed has some pericarp tissue still attached to it.
5459757 peach thorn Lycium cooperi A dried fruit surrounded by seeds, some stuck to or stuck together by hardened pericarp tissues (reddish).
5459758 peach thorn Lycium cooperi Lateral view of two seeds showing hilum.
5459759 peach thorn Lycium cooperi One seed with hilum exposed and two seeds where the hilar opening is obscured by reddish pericarp tissue.
5459760 peach thorn Lycium cooperi Close-up of seed, face view, with hilum showing.
5459761 peach thorn Lycium cooperi Face view of seed with hilum showing.
5459762 alkali mallow Malvella leprosa Fruit.
5459763 alkali mallow Malvella leprosa Looking down on the hilar region of a seed with the funiculus attached (left) and one with the funiculus missing.
5459764 alkali mallow Malvella leprosa Seeds, the first two with a funicular remnant still attached and the third (right) with the funiculus missing.
5459749 water jacket Lycium andersonii An old, shriveled fruit.
5459750 water jacket Lycium andersonii Lateral view of two seeds. Arrows point to hilar openings.
5459751 water jacket Lycium andersonii Close-up of the face of the seed showing the hilar opening.
5459752 water jacket Lycium andersonii Close-up of seed's surface showing low undulating ridges.
5459753 water jacket Lycium andersonii On two of the seeds, the hilar opening is visible. Blackish-red tissue is pericarp remnant.
5459754 matrimony vine Lycium barbarum Seeds. Arrows point to the position along the margin where the hilum occurs. In two of the seeds, the hilum faces upwards. In the other seeds, the hilum faces outwards or downwards.
5459755 matrimony vine Lycium barbarum Close-up of hilum and seed's surface showing pronounced undulating ridges.
5459740 Moroccan toadflax Linaria maroccana Looking down on the narrower end of two seeds.
5459741 Moroccan toadflax Linaria maroccana Close-up of seed's surface.
5459742 Moroccan toadflax Linaria maroccana Ventral view of two seeds.
5459743 narrowleaf cottonrose Logfia gallica Outer cypsela without papillae.
5459744 California cottonrose Logfia filaginoides Fruits of each of the two types (with and without papillae), plus a partial ring of bristles.
5459745 California cottonrose Logfia filaginoides Three inner cypselae without pappus. Apex at top.
5459746 California cottonrose Logfia filaginoides Three outer cypselae, which are rarer than the inner cypselae. Apex at top. Note elongated fruit attachment scar at bottom.
5459747 California cottonrose Logfia filaginoides Looking down on the bases of two fruits of each of the two types (with and without warts).
5459748 California cottonrose Logfia filaginoides Looking down on the apices of three fruits of each of the two types (with and without warts).
5459734 dalmatian toadflax Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica Lateral view of three seeds. Ventral side facing left.
5459735 dalmatian toadflax Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica Seeds in various positions. Note honeycombed surface and ridged edges.
5459736 dalmatian toadflax Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica Close-up of seed edge and surface.
5459737 dalmatian toadflax Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica Ventral view of five seeds. Arrows point to flared hilum.
5459738 Moroccan toadflax Linaria maroccana Looking down on the wider end of a seed.
5459739 Moroccan toadflax Linaria maroccana Dorsal view of three seeds. Narrower end at bottom.
5459727 Virginia pepperweed Lepidium virginicum The opposite side of the intact fruit is purple.
5459728 Virginia pepperweed Lepidium virginicum Fruit and seed (inset).
5459729 Virginia pepperweed Lepidium virginicum Looking into a fruit segment that still contains its seed.
5459730 Virginia pepperweed Lepidium virginicum One intact fruit, one fruit half (containing one seed) and six loose seeds.
5459731 Virginia pepperweed Lepidium virginicum Looking down on the hilar region. Note the triangular cross-section of the seed.
5459732 Virginia pepperweed Lepidium virginicum Lateral view of three seeds. Hilar region at bottom. Note papillate surface.
5459733 Virginia pepperweed Lepidium virginicum Face view of three seeds. Hilar region at bottom. The cotyledons occur in the larger, flattened side.
5459718 tongue pepperweed Lepidium nitidum An intact fruit and six seeds.
5459719 tongue pepperweed Lepidium nitidum Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds.
5459720 tongue pepperweed Lepidium nitidum Lateral view of three seeds. Hilar region at bottom. The longitudinal striations are more obvious in this view.
5459721 tongue pepperweed Lepidium nitidum Face view of three seeds, all with two grooves, which separate the radicle and the cotyledons. Hilar region at bottom. Note rough surface.
5459722 upright pepperweed Lepidium strictum Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. Note ± triangular cross-section.
5459723 upright pepperweed Lepidium strictum Face view of three seeds. Hilar region at bottom. Radicle on the left side and cotyledons on the right side of each seed.
5459724 upright pepperweed Lepidium strictum Looking into two fruit segments containing a single seed each.
5459725 upright pepperweed Lepidium strictum Fruit and seed (inset).
5459726 upright pepperweed Lepidium strictum A cluster of fruits, a fruit without its pedicel attached and five seeds.
5459709 henbit Lamium amplexicaule Top (left) and bottom (right) views of two nutlets.
5459710 henbit Lamium amplexicaule Ventral view of two nutlets. Elaiosome at bottom.
5459711 perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Intact fruit starting to separate into two halves.
5459712 perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Two intact fruits, several fruit halves (containing one seed each), and two loose seeds.
5459713 perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Looking into a fruit segment that still contains its seed.
5459714 perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Lateral view of three seeds.
5459715 perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds.
5459716 tongue pepperweed Lepidium nitidum Note the curved margin of this side of the fruit.
5459717 tongue pepperweed Lepidium nitidum Convex side of the fruit.
5459701 green kyllinga Kyllinga brevifolia Three fruits (left) with little of the outer iridescent layer left on them, one fruit covered with iridescent layer.
5459702 green kyllinga Kyllinga brevifolia Disseminule (spikelet).
5459703 green kyllinga Kyllinga brevifolia Four spikelets.
5459704 prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola Seven fruits with pappus missing, two fruits with beaks broken off.
5459705 prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola Fruits, close-up. The center fruit is in a lateral position. Note hairs on apex of fruit body and barbs on ribs.
5459706 henbit Lamium amplexicaule Sepal tube. Inset—looking into tube at nutlets.
5459707 henbit Lamium amplexicaule Dorsal view of two nutlets. Elaiosome at bottom.
5459708 henbit Lamium amplexicaule Lateral view of two nutlets. Ventral side facing left. Elaiosome at bottom.
5459690 poverty sumpweed Iva axillaris Looking down on the bases of two fruits. The fruit attachment scar is thin and often crescent-shaped.
5459691 toad rush Juncus bufonius Hilar view of two seeds.
5459692 toad rush Juncus bufonius Apical view of two seeds.
5459693 toad rush Juncus bufonius An opened capsule (with tepals and stem still attached) surrounded by a few seeds.
5459694 toad rush Juncus bufonius Seeds in various lateral positions.
5459695 toad rush Juncus bufonius Seeds lined up with the hilum at the bottom. Smooth areas on the seeds are remnants of the outer translucent membrane.
5459684 cypressvine morningglory Ipomoea quamoclit Hilum, close-up.
5459685 cypressvine morningglory Ipomoea quamoclit Dark-colored seeds in dorsal (top) and ventral (showing hilum) views.
5459686 poverty sumpweed Iva axillaris Fruits in various positions.
5459687 poverty sumpweed Iva axillaris Lateral view of disseminules. Note that the lateral edges are sometimes somewhat rib-like.
5459688 poverty sumpweed Iva axillaris Fruits aligned so that stylar end is at the top and fruit attachment scar at the bottom.
5459689 poverty sumpweed Iva axillaris Looking down on the apices of two fruits. Note the whitish ring that is the apical scar. These fruits are ± trigonous in cross-section.
5459677 tall morningglory Ipomoea purpurea Looking down on the hilar end of the seed gives a view of the cross-sectional shape.
5459678 tall morningglory Ipomoea purpurea Seeds in various positions. Arrow points to a thin ridge between the ventral and dorsal sides. Note transverse wrinkles on most seeds.
5459679 tall morningglory Ipomoea purpurea Note that the broad transverse wrinkles make the seeds appear deeply grooved or pitted on the two ventral faces either side of the longitudinal ridge.
5459680 cypressvine morningglory Ipomoea quamoclit Close-up of light and dark-colored seeds showing a granular surface overlaid by tufts of hairs.
5459681 cypressvine morningglory Ipomoea quamoclit Light-colored seeds in dorsal (top) and ventral (showing hilum) views.
5459682 cypressvine morningglory Ipomoea quamoclit Light-colored seeds in ventral (left, showing hilum) and dorsal views.
5459683 cypressvine morningglory Ipomoea quamoclit Looking down on the hilar end of the seed gives a view of the seed's cross-sectional shape (left). The seed on the right is tilted to show the hilum.
5459671 ivyleaf morningglory Ipomoea hederacea Four seeds positioned ± on the ridge of the ventral side. Note the shallow longitudinal groove in the center of the rounded dorsal face.
5459672 ivyleaf morningglory Ipomoea hederacea Close-up of seed's surface showing a clump of long hairs.
5459673 ivyleaf morningglory Ipomoea hederacea Looking down on the hilar end of the seed (hilum not clearly visible).
5459674 ivyleaf morningglory Ipomoea hederacea Seeds in various positions.
5459675 ivyleaf morningglory Ipomoea hederacea Looking at the ventral side of three seeds. Hilum at bottom.
5459676 tall morningglory Ipomoea purpurea Cross-section showing the distinctly folded embryo.
5459663 smooth cat's ear Hypochaeris glabra Close-up of the bodies of a beaked inner cypsela (top) and a beakless outer cypsela (bottom).
5459664 smooth cat's ear Hypochaeris glabra The two fruit types, beaked and beakless.
5459665 smooth cat's ear Hypochaeris glabra Basal fruit attachment scars of four disseminules. The one in the lower right is angled to show the “opening” of the attachment scar.
5459666 hairy cat's ear Hypochaeris radicata Intact fruit.
5459667 hairy cat's ear Hypochaeris radicata Cross-section of a fruit body.
5459668 hairy cat's ear Hypochaeris radicata Three fruit bodies with beaks still attached. Note the variation in the length of the beaks, keeping in mind that the upper two probably are not entire.
5459669 hairy cat's ear Hypochaeris radicata Looking down on the apex of the disseminule. Some pappus bristles have been removed.
5459661 smooth cat's ear Hypochaeris glabra Looking down on the apex of a fruit with a style base remnant.
5459662 smooth cat's ear Hypochaeris glabra Looking down on the apex of a fruit with a missing style base. Note the two types of pappus bristles.
5459657 shortpod mustard Hirschfeldia incana Close-up of reticulum showing pitted interspaces.
5459658 shortpod mustard Hirschfeldia incana Terminal end of fruit showing its distinctive beak.
5459659 shortpod mustard Hirschfeldia incana Seeds in various positions. A groove delineating the position of the radicle is barely visible on some seeds.
5459660 shortpod mustard Hirschfeldia incana Seed at a lateral angle. Hilum at top.
5458143 common tarweed Centromadia pungens Lateral view of four fruits. Apices are positioned at the top
5458144 common tarweed Centromadia pungens Close-up of three fruits positioned on their bent dorsal side. Apices at top.
5458145 common tarweed Centromadia pungens Looking down on the apex of a fruit.
5459646 Kellogg's tarweed Deinandra kelloggii Fruits at various angles.
5459647 Kellogg's tarweed Deinandra kelloggii Looking down on the apex of the fruit.
5459648 Kern tarweed Deinandra pallida Looking down on the bases of three fruits.
5459649 Kern tarweed Deinandra pallida Fruits. The two smoother fruits did not have developed seeds inside.
5459650 Kern tarweed Deinandra pallida Close-up of four fruits from two lateral angles. Apices are positioned at the top.
5459651 Kern tarweed Deinandra pallida Looking down on the apices of three fruits.
5459652 common tarweed Centromadia pungens Looking down on the bases of three fruits.
5458142 common tarweed Centromadia pungens Fruits in various positions.
5459640 rosilla Helenium puberulum Fruits in various positions.
5459641 rosilla Helenium puberulum Fruits with pappus scales attached.
5459642 rosilla Helenium puberulum Note the many glands on the fruit's surface.
5459643 rosilla Helenium puberulum Looking down on the apices (with pappus scales still attached) of three fruits.
5459644 Kellogg's tarweed Deinandra kelloggii Looking down on the bases of two fruits.
5459645 Kellogg's tarweed Deinandra kelloggii Close-up of four fruits from various lateral angles. Note that the basal fruit attachment scar knob has been broken off of the second fruit from the left.
5459636 Bigelow's sneezeweed Helenium bigelovii Fruits. Note pappus scales.
5459637 Bigelow's sneezeweed Helenium bigelovii Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scar.
5459638 Bigelow's sneezeweed Helenium bigelovii Fruit with pappus scales attached.
5459639 Bigelow's sneezeweed Helenium bigelovii Fruit with pappus removed.
5459631 western marsh cudweed Gnaphalium palustre Fruit.
5459632 western marsh cudweed Gnaphalium palustre Fruits at various angles.
5459633 western marsh cudweed Gnaphalium palustre Immature fruit with corolla and a few pappus bristles still attached.
5459634 western marsh cudweed Gnaphalium palustre Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of three disseminules.
5459635 western marsh cudweed Gnaphalium palustre Looking down on the apices of three fruits.
5459624 purple cudweed Gamochaeta purpurea Three fruits, lateral view.
5459625 cutleaf geranium Geranium dissectum Seeds, one partially enclosed in pericarp remnant.
5459626 cutleaf geranium Geranium dissectum Looking down on hilar end of a seed. Ridge at top represents position of radicle.
5459627 cutleaf geranium Geranium dissectum Lateral view of three seeds. Hilar region at bottom. Radicle ridge in front, ending at the hilar region.
5459628 cutleaf geranium Geranium dissectum Pericarp remnant still enclosing a seed.
5459629 cutleaf geranium Geranium dissectum A face view of a seed. Hilar region at lower left.
5459630 cutleaf geranium Geranium dissectum Close-up of the surface of the seed.
5459616 fennel Foeniculum vulgare Lateral view of two mericarps. Adaxial sides facing each other. Apex at top.
5459617 catchweed bedstraw Galium aparine Surface close-up showing the holes left behind when spines have been broken off.
5459618 catchweed bedstraw Galium aparine Close-up of the mericarp's attachment region.
5459619 catchweed bedstraw Galium aparine Color variation in mericarps.
5459620 catchweed bedstraw Galium aparine Mericarps in various positions, some with the attachment scar showing.
5459621 catchweed bedstraw Galium aparine Adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) sides of a mericarp.
5459622 purple cudweed Gamochaeta purpurea Fruits at various angles.
5459623 purple cudweed Gamochaeta purpurea Fruit, ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views. Note the minute papillae.
5459609 narrowleaf cottonrose Logfia gallica Two fruits with pappus still attached. Corolla still attached to one fruit. Inset shows an outer cypsela without papillae.
5459610 narrowleaf cottonrose Logfia gallica Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of two disseminules. Note the papillae clustered around each scar.
5459611 narrowleaf cottonrose Logfia gallica Looking down on the apices of two fruits.
5459612 fennel Foeniculum vulgare Abaxial side of two mericarps. Apex at top.
5459613 fennel Foeniculum vulgare Adaxial side of two mericarps. Apex at top.
5459614 fennel Foeniculum vulgare Cross-section of mericarp, showing seed and oil ducts. Adaxial side at top.
5459615 fennel Foeniculum vulgare Apical (left) and basal views (right) of the mericarp. Adaxial side at top of photo.
5459601 creeping spurge Euphorbia serpens Two opened fruit segments and seven seeds.
5459602 creeping spurge Euphorbia serpens Looking down on the hilar end of the seed.
5459603 netseed spurge Euphorbia spathulata Looking down on the caruncles of three seeds.
5459604 netseed spurge Euphorbia spathulata Looking down on the hilar end of two seeds without caruncles.
5459605 netseed spurge Euphorbia spathulata Ventral side of three seeds with caruncles and two seeds without.
5459606 netseed spurge Euphorbia spathulata Ventral (left) and dorsal (right) sides of a seed with caruncle.
5459607 narrowleaf cottonrose Logfia gallica Fruit.
5459608 narrowleaf cottonrose Logfia gallica Two fruits without pappus.
5459593 petty spurge Euphorbia peplus Four seeds on their backs, exposing the caruncle (or hilum) and raphe, and two seeds on their fronts.
5459594 petty spurge Euphorbia peplus Looking down on the chalazal end of the seed. Arrows point to the position of the raphe on each seed.
5459595 smallseed sandmat Euphorbia polycarpa Looking down on the chalazal end of the seed.
5459596 smallseed sandmat Euphorbia polycarpa An intact fruit, an opened fruit segment, and several seeds.
5459597 smallseed sandmat Euphorbia polycarpa Looking down on the hilar end of the seed.
5459598 smallseed sandmat Euphorbia polycarpa Ventral view of seed with hilum at top.
5459599 creeping spurge Euphorbia serpens Ventral view of seed with hilum at bottom.
5459600 creeping spurge Euphorbia serpens Looking down on the chalazal end of the seed.
5459586 Contura Creek sandmat Euphorbia ocellata Looking down on the chalazal end of the seed.
5459587 Contura Creek sandmat Euphorbia ocellata Close-up of seed surface. Note the polygonal cells.
5459588 Contura Creek sandmat Euphorbia ocellata Ventral view of seed with hilum at top.
5459589 Contura Creek sandmat Euphorbia ocellata Two intact fruits (one with pedicel still attached), one opened fruit segment, three orangish seeds, and one whitish seed.
5459590 Contura Creek sandmat Euphorbia ocellata Looking down on the hilar end of the seed.
5459591 petty spurge Euphorbia peplus Ventral side of seed.
5459592 petty spurge Euphorbia peplus Looking down on the hilar end of the seed, the caruncle missing from the seed on the left.
5459578 Chinese caps Euphorbia crenulata Looking down on the hilar end of the seed, the caruncle missing from the two seeds on the left.
5459579 Chinese caps Euphorbia crenulata Seeds in various positions, some with caruncle, some without.
5459580 Chinese caps Euphorbia crenulata Looking down on the chalazal end of the seed.
5459581 Chinese caps Euphorbia crenulata Ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views of a seed with caruncle (top).
5459553 flixweed Descurainia sophia Seeds in various positions.
5459554 flixweed Descurainia sophia Looking down on the hilar region of two seeds. Note the red circular marking over the bulge containing the cotyledons.
5459555 panicle willowherb Epilobium brachycarpum Dorsal view of seeds. Apex at top.
5459556 panicle willowherb Epilobium brachycarpum Ventral view of seeds. Apex at top.
5459557 panicle willowherb Epilobium brachycarpum Looking down on the apex of the seed. Dorsal side at top. Note papillate surface.
5459558 panicle willowherb Epilobium brachycarpum Lateral view of seeds. Apex at top. Ventral side to the left.
5459559 panicle willowherb Epilobium brachycarpum Looking down on the base of the seed.
5459551 flixweed Descurainia sophia On one of the two faces, the grooves outlining the radicle and cotyledons are more distinct. The radicle is on the left side of each seed and juts out beyond the hilar notch.
5459552 flixweed Descurainia sophia On the longitudinally convex face, the grooves outlining the radicle and cotyledons are faint. Hilum at top, radicle on right side of each seed.
5455067 common yarrow Achillea millefolium Fruit, apex at right.
5458296 tall flatsedge Cyperus eragrostis A spikelet and many fruits.
5458297 yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Fruit with (left) and without (right) the silvery outermost pericarp layer still intact.
5458298 yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Fruit lying on its back (left) and one lying on its frontal ridge, showing the back (right).
5458299 yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Fruits. Note that the outermost silvery layer is worn away on some fruits, showing the dark brown color below.
5458288 canyon dodder Cuscuta subinclusa Fruit, including dried perianth.
5458289 canyon dodder Cuscuta subinclusa Variation in seeds.
5458290 canyon dodder Cuscuta subinclusa Looking down on the hilar depression.
5458291 canyon dodder Cuscuta subinclusa Looking down on the end opposite the hilum.
5458292 canyon dodder Cuscuta subinclusa Lateral view of two seeds with the hilum at the bottom.
5458293 tall flatsedge Cyperus eragrostis Fruit with much of the outermost pericarp layer scraped away. Base to left.
5458294 tall flatsedge Cyperus eragrostis Fruit with outermost iridescent pericarp layer intact, lying on its frontal ridge.
5458295 tall flatsedge Cyperus eragrostis The outermost iridescent layer is worn away in small patches on some fruits, showing the dark brown color below.
5458279 bigseed alfalfa dodder Cuscuta indecora var. indecora Two types of seed surfaces.
5458280 bigseed alfalfa dodder Cuscuta indecora var. indecora Looking down on the hilar region.
5458281 bigseed alfalfa dodder Cuscuta indecora var. indecora Seeds lying on their rounded, non-hilar side. Arrows point to hilar depression.
5458282 bigseed alfalfa dodder Cuscuta indecora var. indecora Seeds lying with rounded side up and hilar side down.
5458283 saltmarsh dodder Cuscuta salina Close-up of seed's surface.
5458284 saltmarsh dodder Cuscuta salina Fruit with all perianth parts still attached (left), and with perianth removed (right).
5458285 saltmarsh dodder Cuscuta salina Seeds positioned laterally so as to be able to look down on the hilar notch.
5458286 saltmarsh dodder Cuscuta salina Seeds positioned on their dimpled side with bulged side up.
5458287 saltmarsh dodder Cuscuta salina Seeds positioned with their dimpled side up.
5458189 Turkey mullein Croton setiger Ventral view of seed. Hilum at bottom.
5458190 Turkey mullein Croton setiger Close-up of hilum and raphe.
5458191 chaparral dodder Cuscuta californica Two fruits with perianth still attached.
5458192 chaparral dodder Cuscuta californica Seeds positioned on their side and looking down on the hilar notch.
5458193 chaparral dodder Cuscuta californica Seeds in various positions.
5458194 chaparral dodder Cuscuta californica Seeds in various positions.
5458182 tall fleabane Conyza floribunda Lateral (left) and face (right) views of a fruit.
5458183 tall fleabane Conyza floribunda Fruits aligned with the stylar end at top. Note the single red lateral vein on two of the fruits. Pappus bristles have been removed.
5458184 tall fleabane Conyza floribunda Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of four disseminules. Note the hairs next to each scar.
5458185 tall fleabane Conyza floribunda Looking down on the apices of two fruits. Pappi removed.
5458186 Turkey mullein Croton setiger Close-up of the chalazal end (to the left) of the seed.
5458187 Turkey mullein Croton setiger Cross-section of seed.
5458188 Turkey mullein Croton setiger Three seeds lying on their rounded backs, exposing the hilum and raphe, and three seeds on one of the two ventral faces.
5458172 poison-hemlock Conium maculatum Abaxial side of two mericarps. Apex at top.
5458173 poison-hemlock Conium maculatum Adaxial side of three mericarps. Apex at top.
5458174 poison-hemlock Conium maculatum Looking down on the apical (left) and basal (right) ends of the mericarp. Adaxial side at top.
5458175 hairy fleabane Conyza bonariensis Fruits with pappus removed. Note the long but sparse pubescence along fruit body.
5458176 hairy fleabane Conyza bonariensis Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of four disseminules. Note the hairs next to each scar.
5458177 hairy fleabane Conyza bonariensis Fruit, entire. Note the reddish tips of some pappus bristles.
5458178 hairy fleabane Conyza bonariensis Looking inside the pappus, down onto the fruit apex.
5458179 horseweed Conyza canadensis Fruits with pappus removed. There is a split in the fruit attachment scar of the first disseminule (left).
5458180 horseweed Conyza canadensis Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of two disseminules. Note the hairs next to each scar.
5458181 horseweed Conyza canadensis Looking inside the pappus, down onto the fruit apex.
5458169 miner's lettuce Claytonia perfoliata Seeds. Hilum plugged in peripheral notch at top.
5458170 miner's lettuce Claytonia perfoliata Lateral view of two seeds. Hilum plugged with appendage at top.
5458171 miner's lettuce Claytonia perfoliata Looking down on the appendage of two seeds.
5458160 rush skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea Beak apex showing style base. Some pappus bristles removed.
5458161 blue mustard Chorispora tenella The two faces of the seed. Hilum at top.
5458162 blue mustard Chorispora tenella Looking down on the hilar end of the seed.
5458163 bull thistle Cirsium vulgare Looking down on the base of two fruits.
5458164 bull thistle Cirsium vulgare Close-up of a fruit with inset of a cross-section.
5458165 bull thistle Cirsium vulgare Fruits resting on their sides with their apices at the top.
5458166 bull thistle Cirsium vulgare Looking down on the apical scar of three fruits.
5458167 miner's lettuce Claytonia perfoliata Close-up of the seed's surface.
5458168 miner's lettuce Claytonia perfoliata Two embryos and some of their associated testa remnants.
5458150 lambsquarters Chenopodium album Two disseminules with perianth bracts still attached. Looking down on the apex. Note the numerous small, white scales.
5458151 lambsquarters Chenopodium album Seed.
5458152 lambsquarters Chenopodium album Apex (left) and base (right) of two fruits without attached calyx bracts.
5458153 lambsquarters Chenopodium album Lateral view of seed with the pericarp scraped off. Note lenticular shape and rounded peripheral margin of the seed.
5458154 nettleleaf goosefoot Chenopodium murale Disseminules with calyces still attached. Looking down on the base (left) and on the apex (right).
5458155 nettleleaf goosefoot Chenopodium murale Base of two fruits lacking attached calyx bracts.
5458156 nettleleaf goosefoot Chenopodium murale Seeds with most of the pericarp scraped off. Note lenticular shape, acutely angled margin and pitted surface of the seeds.
5458157 rush skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea Looking down on the basal fruit attachment scars of four disseminules.
5458158 rush skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea Intact fruit.
5458159 rush skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea Three fruit bodies. Beaks removed.
5458146 sticky chickweed Cerastium glomeratum Seeds on edge, sitting on the hilum and viewed at two different angles.
5458137 Malta starthistle Centaurea melitensis Lateral view of the fruit showing the side where the scar occurs. Some of the longer bristles have been removed from the pappus.
5458138 Malta starthistle Centaurea melitensis Looking into the center of the outer pappus whorls to see the innermost whorl covering the stylar remains.
5458139 yellow starthistle Centaurea solstitialis Epappous fruit, close-up of fruit attachment scar.
5458140 yellow starthistle Centaurea solstitialis Stylar end of an epappous (left) and pappous (right, most bristles removed) fruit.
5458141 yellow starthistle Centaurea solstitialis Variation in epappous fruits.
5458148 sticky chickweed Cerastium glomeratum Seeds on edge, each turned a little differently with respect to the position of the hilum.
5457997 shepherd's-purse Capsella bursa-pastoris Seeds lying flat with hilum at bottom. Note the ellipse traced by the groove starting and ending near hilum.
5457998 shepherd's-purse Capsella bursa-pastoris Looking at the hilar region of two seeds. Note the oblong cross-sectional shape.
5457999 shepherd's-purse Capsella bursa-pastoris Seeds positioned on their sides. Note their bilateral symmetry.
5458131 purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa Fruits aligned with the stylar end at the top.
5458132 purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa Lateral view showing fruit attachment scar (at base) ± head-on.
5458133 purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa Close-up.
5458134 purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa Fruit apex showing stylar remains.
5458135 Malta starthistle Centaurea melitensis The fruit attachment scar is clearly evident when the fruit is lying flat. Note the hairs along the fruit's surface.
5458136 Malta starthistle Centaurea melitensis Face (left) and lateral (right) views of two fruits.
5457993 redmaids Calandrinia ciliata Close-up of the seed's surface.
5457994 redmaids Calandrinia ciliata Seeds. Hilum in peripheral notch at top. Shadows indicate the wavy nature of the seeds.
5457995 redmaids Calandrinia ciliata Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. Note saddle-shape of marginal rim.
5457996 redmaids Calandrinia ciliata Close-up of hilar region.
5461365 California brome Bromus carinatus Angled-ventral view of caryopsis, showing linear hilum.
5461366 California brome Bromus carinatus Close-up of lemma tips
5461367 cheatgrass Bromus tectorum Close-up of base of floret, ventral (left) and lateral (right) views.
5461368 cheatgrass Bromus tectorum Caryopses, two with broken bases.
5461369 cheatgrass Bromus tectorum Dorsal view of florets, the top floret with the tip of the lemma broken off. Note the hyaline lemma teeth.
5461370 cheatgrass Bromus tectorum Ventral view of florets, with awn missing (top) and awn broken (bottom). Note the purple color of the caryopsis through the transparent palea.
5461359 foxtail brome Bromus madritensis Ventral (left) and lateral (right) views of base of floret showing disarticulation scar and pointed callus.
5461360 foxtail brome Bromus madritensis Caryopses in dorsal view. Darker caryopsis with broken base is ssp. rubens.
5461361 foxtail brome Bromus madritensis Caryopsis in ventral view.
5461362 California brome Bromus carinatus Close-up of the base of floret.
5461363 California brome Bromus carinatus Lateral view of caryopsis.
5461364 California brome Bromus carinatus Florets in lateral view.
5461358 smooth brome Bromus inermis ssp. inermis Ventral view of florets with broken lemma tips.
5461348 ripgut brome Bromus diandrus Lateral view of the sharply pointed base of the floret.
5461349 ripgut brome Bromus diandrus Ventral view of the sharply pointed base of the floret.
5461350 ripgut brome Bromus diandrus Dorsal view of the caryopsis.
5461351 ripgut brome Bromus diandrus Ventral view of the caryopsis. The linear hilum is hidden by attached palea tissue.
5461352 soft brome Bromus hordeaceus Dorsal view of caryopses, with some lemma tissue still attached.
5461353 soft brome Bromus hordeaceus Ventral view of caryopses. The linear hilum can be seen through the transparent palea tissue.
5461354 soft brome Bromus hordeaceus Left to right—ventral view of a floret, dorsal view, three attached florets from the apex of the spikelet, two attached florets.
5461355 smooth brome Bromus inermis ssp. inermis Ventral view of caryopsis showing the long linear hilum.
5461356 smooth brome Bromus inermis ssp. inermis Dorsal view of two caryopses showing the longitudinal groove.
5461357 smooth brome Bromus inermis ssp. inermis Dorsal view of florets with broken lemma tips.
5461343 rescuegrass Bromus catharticus Lateral view of the strongly keeled florets, showing awn and rachilla.
5461344 rescuegrass Bromus catharticus Ventral (left) and dorsal (right) views of floret.
5461345 rescuegrass Bromus catharticus Caryopses.
5461346 rescuegrass Bromus catharticus Lateral view of florets, showing ribbed midvein and basal disarticulation scar.
5461347 ripgut brome Bromus diandrus Ventral view of florets showing intact awns on the upper two florets and awn broken off of the bottom specimen. Note the long, sometimes broken, transparent teeth at the apex of each lemma.
5444798 Chilean chess Bromus berteroanus Empty glumes.
5444799 Chilean chess Bromus berteroanus Ventral view of caryopsis.
5444795 Chilean chess Bromus berteroanus Lateral view of caryopses.
5444796 Chilean chess Bromus berteroanus Florets, dorsal view.
5444797 Chilean chess Bromus berteroanus Florets, in lateral and ventral views
5461339 Australian chess Bromus arenarius Florets, dorsal view.
5461340 Australian chess Bromus arenarius Dorsal view of caryopses, with some lemma tissue still attached.
5461341 Australian chess Bromus arenarius Ventral view of caryopsis. Note that the edges are slightly rolled inward, creating a longitudinal depression.
5461342 Australian chess Bromus arenarius Florets, ventral view.
5457984 Indian mustard Brassica juncea Looking down at the hilar region of three seeds. Seeds arranged so that the prominent part of the ridge formed by the radicle is at the top.
5457985 rapeseed Brassica napus Close-up of hilar region on two seeds.
5457986 rapeseed Brassica napus Seeds in various positions. Note variation in the height of surface reticulations on different seeds.
5457987 black mustard Brassica nigra Seeds in various positions, most with hilar region showing. Note course reticulations (thick veins).
5457988 black mustard Brassica nigra Looking down at the hilar region of four seeds. The dark area underneath the whitish funicular remnant is sometimes clearly circular (as in the second seed from the left) and sometimes not.
5457989 black mustard Brassica nigra Close-up of seed's surface.
5457990 birdsrape mustard Brassica rapa Looking down on the hilar region and associated dark circular area of four seeds. Most of the whitish funicular material is missing, revealing the small punctate hilum.
5457991 birdsrape mustard Brassica rapa Seeds of ssp. rapa. Note the very finely reticulated seed surface.
5457992 birdsrape mustard Brassica rapa Seed with a pronounced radicle ridge (left) and one with a subtle ridge (right).
5457948 seepwillow Baccharis salicifolia Fruit attachment scars on two fruits, one of which is ± round (left) and the other star-shaped.
5457949 seepwillow Baccharis salicifolia Fruit with pappus attached.
5457950 seepwillow Baccharis salicifolia Looking down on the apices of two fruits.
5457951 desertbroom Baccharis sarothroides Fruits without pappus attached.
5457952 desertbroom Baccharis sarothroides Fruits with pappus attached.
5457953 desertbroom Baccharis sarothroides Looking down on the fruit attachment scars of four disseminules.
5457954 desertbroom Baccharis sarothroides Looking down on the apices of four fruits.
5457983 Indian mustard Brassica juncea Seeds in various positions. Note reticulated seed surface.
5457944 saltmarsh baccharis Baccharis douglasii Fruits with pappus attached.
5457945 saltmarsh baccharis Baccharis douglasii Fruits with pappus attached, close-up.
5457946 saltmarsh baccharis Baccharis douglasii Close-up of a fruit with pappus removed.
5457947 seepwillow Baccharis salicifolia Close-up of two fruits with pappus removed.
5444779 wild oat Avena fatua Ventral view of floret. Note the short apical teeth of the lemma and the pilose rachilla tucked between the edges of the lemma.
5444780 oat Avena sativa Dorsal view of caryopsis.
5444781 oat Avena sativa Dorsal view of floret. Note the mostly glabrous body of the lemma and the short apical lemma lobes
5444782 oat Avena sativa Ventral view of florets of a weedy form of cultivated oats showing hairy rachilla and triangular disarticulation scar.
5444794 wild oat Avena fatua Awn attachment scar.
5444775 slender oat Avena barbata Dorsal view of floret. Note the long apical lemma lobes.
5444776 slender oat Avena barbata Caryopses in dorsal view showing embryo.
5444777 slender oat Avena barbata Caryopses in ventral view showing linear hilum.
5457940 Mexican whorled milkweed Asclepias fascicularis Abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) views of seeds.
5457941 asparagus Asparagus officinalis A dried fruit that has been broken open to reveal a single seed.
5457942 asparagus Asparagus officinalis Seeds positioned on top of hilum. Note irregular seed shape, but otherwise relatively smooth surface on this side of the seed.
5457943 asparagus Asparagus officinalis Seeds positioned with hilum on top. Note various undulations and ridges on this side of the seed.
5457931 woollypod milkweed Asclepias eriocarpa Abaxial side of seeds. Apex (where coma was attached) at top.
5457932 woollypod milkweed Asclepias eriocarpa Lateral view of seeds. Apex at top.
5457933 desert milkweed Asclepias erosa Close-up of surface of abaxial side. Note elongated hairs.
5457934 desert milkweed Asclepias erosa Lateral view of seeds. Apex at top.
5457935 desert milkweed Asclepias erosa Abaxial side of seed. Apex (where coma was attached) at top.
5457936 Mexican whorled milkweed Asclepias fascicularis Close-up of surface of abaxial side.
5457937 Mexican whorled milkweed Asclepias fascicularis Abaxial side of seeds. Apex (where coma was attached) at top.
5457938 Mexican whorled milkweed Asclepias fascicularis Adaxial side of seeds. Apex (where coma was attached) at top.
5457939 Mexican whorled milkweed Asclepias fascicularis Lateral view of seeds. Apex at top.
5457921 bur chervil Anthriscus caucalis Adaxial side of two mericarps. Note the deep longitudinal groove.
5457922 bur chervil Anthriscus caucalis Mericarps in various positions. The one at the top still has the carpophore (mostly lying under the mericarp) and pedicel attached to it.
5457923 bur chervil Anthriscus caucalis Lateral view of a mericarp. Adaxial side at bottom.
5457924 bur chervil Anthriscus caucalis Close-up of the attachment scar at the base of the adaxial side.
5457925 bur chervil Anthriscus caucalis Abaxial side of two mericarps. Apex, with beak, at top.
5457926 bur chervil Anthriscus caucalis Adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) views of the mericarp.
5457927 stinking chamomile Anthemis cotula Fruits aligned with the apex (stylar remains) at top and fruit attachment scar at bottom.
5457928 stinking chamomile Anthemis cotula Basal fruit attachment scar on four fruits.
5457929 stinking chamomile Anthemis cotula Apex of two fruits, showing stylar remnants.
5457930 woollypod milkweed Asclepias eriocarpa Close-up of surface of abaxial side.
5455889 Menzies' fiddleneck Amsinckia menziesii Adaxial side of a nutlet.
5455890 Menzies' fiddleneck Amsinckia menziesii Close-up of adaxial face of nutlet. Note faint reticulation pattern on top of the maze of rounded tubercles.
5455891 common fiddleneck Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia Nutlets in various positions.
5455892 Menzies' fiddleneck Amsinckia menziesii Four nutlets in adaxial view.
5455893 Menzies' fiddleneck Amsinckia menziesii Lateral view of three nutlets.
5455894 western fiddleneck Amsinckia tessellata Nutlets lying on their abaxial or adaxial face.
5455895 western fiddleneck Amsinckia tessellata Adaxial face of nutlets.
5455896 western fiddleneck Amsinckia tessellata Abaxial face of two nutlets. Note transverse “stripes” on right nutlet.
5455897 western fiddleneck Amsinckia tessellata Lateral view of four nutlets.
5455880 Eastwood's fiddleneck Amsinckia eastwoodiae Adaxial face of nutlet showing fruit attachment scar.
5455881 Eastwood's fiddleneck Amsinckia eastwoodiae Close-up of abaxial face of nutlet. Note reticulation pattern on top of the maze of rounded tubercles.
5455882 Eastwood's fiddleneck Amsinckia eastwoodiae Four fruit segments (nutlets), two lying on the adaxial face and two lying on the abaxial face.
5455883 Eastwood's fiddleneck Amsinckia eastwoodiae Three nutlets, adaxial face.
5455884 Eastwood's fiddleneck Amsinckia eastwoodiae Lateral view of four nutlets.
5455885 tarweed fiddleneck Amsinckia lycopsoides Abaxial face of a nutlet.
5455886 tarweed fiddleneck Amsinckia lycopsoides Nutlets, abaxial face. Note acutely-angled longitudinal ridge.
5455887 tarweed fiddleneck Amsinckia lycopsoides Close-up of a fruit segment (nutlet) showing the attachment scar on the adaxial face.
5455888 tarweed fiddleneck Amsinckia lycopsoides Three nutlets showing adaxial face.
5455873 burrobush Ambrosia salsola Looking down on the apices of four disseminules (burs).
5455874 burrobush Ambrosia salsola Lateral view of a bur.
5455875 burrobush Ambrosia salsola Looking down on the apex of a bur.
5455876 Douglas fiddleneck Amsinckia douglasiana More nutlets, abaxial face.
5455877 Douglas fiddleneck Amsinckia douglasiana Lateral view of three nutlets.
5455878 Douglas fiddleneck Amsinckia douglasiana Close-up of fruit segment (nutlet) showing attachment scar on adaxial face.
5455879 Douglas fiddleneck Amsinckia douglasiana Abaxial face of nutlet.
5455867 western ragweed Ambrosia psilostachya Looking down on the apices of two disseminules.
5455868 western ragweed Ambrosia psilostachya Looking down on the base of a bur.
5455869 western ragweed Ambrosia psilostachya Disseminules, some with leaves still attached.
5455870 western ragweed Ambrosia psilostachya Close-up of disseminule.
5455871 burrobush Ambrosia salsola A bur with most of the wing tissue removed.
5455872 burrobush Ambrosia salsola Looking at the base of a bur.
5455857 Powell amaranth Amaranthus powellii Close-up of hilum.
5455858 Powell amaranth Amaranthus powellii Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds.
5455859 Powell amaranth Amaranthus powellii Seed. Hilum at right.
5455860 redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus Seeds. Hilum in notch.
5455861 redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus Close-up of hilum.
5455862 redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds.
5455863 redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus Close-up of the seed's surface. Hilum at right.
5455864 annual bursage Ambrosia acanthicarpa Disseminules.
5455865 annual bursage Ambrosia acanthicarpa Close-up of spiny bur, lateral view.
5455866 annual bursage Ambrosia acanthicarpa Close-up of spiny bur, lateral view.
5455660 smooth pigweed Amaranthus hybridus Close-up of hilar region of two seeds.
5455661 smooth pigweed Amaranthus hybridus Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds.
5455662 smooth pigweed Amaranthus hybridus Seeds. Hilum in notch.
5455851 Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri Close-up of seed's surface.
5455852 Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri Seeds. Hilum in notch.
5455853 Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri Looking down on the hilar region of two seeds.
5455854 Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri Seed. Hilum at right.
5455855 Powell amaranth Amaranthus powellii Close-up of the seed's surface near hilum.
5455856 Powell amaranth Amaranthus powellii Seeds. Hilum in notch.
5455650 prostrate pigweed Amaranthus blitoides Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds. Note shallow rim notch above the hilum.
5455651 California amaranth Amaranthus californicus A fruit with perianth tissues attached, two naked fruits, and four seeds.
5455652 California amaranth Amaranthus californicus Close-up of hilar region.
5455653 California amaranth Amaranthus californicus Looking down on the hilar region of three seeds.
5455654 California amaranth Amaranthus californicus Seeds.
5455655 red amaranth Amaranthus cruentus Seeds. In the upper right seed, the shallow depression extending inward from the notched hilar region can be seen.
5455656 red amaranth Amaranthus cruentus Close-up of hilar region.
5455657 red amaranth Amaranthus cruentus Looking down on the hilar region.
5455658 red amaranth Amaranthus cruentus Seed, close-up. Hilum in cavity just left of the protruding notch.
5455659 smooth pigweed Amaranthus hybridus Fruit with tepals. Circumscissile dehiscence has begun.
5455641 tumble pigweed Amaranthus albus Close-up of the seed's surface. Hilum is to the right.
5455642 tumble pigweed Amaranthus albus Intact fruit with tepals.
5455643 tumble pigweed Amaranthus albus Close-up of hilar region.
5455644 tumble pigweed Amaranthus albus Looking down on the hilar region.
5455645 tumble pigweed Amaranthus albus Seeds.
5455646 prostrate pigweed Amaranthus blitoides Close-up of the seed's surface.
5455647 prostrate pigweed Amaranthus blitoides Fruit with tepals. Note start of circumscissile dehiscence.
5455648 prostrate pigweed Amaranthus blitoides Seeds. Hilum in peripheral notch.
5455649 prostrate pigweed Amaranthus blitoides Close-up of hilar region and rim notch.
5444774 creeping bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera Spikelets detached from inflorescence.
5444772 creeping bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera Ventral view of caryopsis.
5444773 creeping bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera Dorsal view of floret. Note visible lateral veins on lemma and hairs on callus.
5444770 creeping bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera Dorsal view of caryopsis.
5444771 creeping bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera Florets from left to right—one in lateral view, one in dorsal view, two in ventral view.
5455068 common yarrow Achillea millefolium Fruits aligned with the apex (stylar remains) at top and cup-like fruit attachment scar at bottom.
5455069 common yarrow Achillea millefolium Face view (top) and lateral view (bottom) of two fruits, showing the basal fruit attachment scar on the left and the stylar remains on the right.
5455070 common yarrow Achillea millefolium Apex of two fruits, showing stylar remnant and flanged collar.
5455064 velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Cross-section of seed showing embryo.
5455065 velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Seeds.
5455066 velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Marginal view of a seed, showing hilar notch (left) and opposite side (right). Maximum seed thickness is 1.9 mm.
5455063 velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Seed, close-up. Note the pronounced funicular remnant forming a flap over the hilum.
0176033 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Section through pycnidium in a mummified grapevine berry (diameter 80-100 µm) containing numerous conidia, in summer.
0162073 Arabis Mosaic Virus Nepovirus ArMV on grapevine
0162044 bacterial leaf scorch Xylella fastidiosa Pierce's disease of grapevine. Spring symptoms in cultivar Chardonnay (healthy leaf on the left).
0454070 Grapevine phylloxera, vine louse Phylloxera vitifoliae Cross section of grapevine leaf gall caused by Viteus vitifoliae.
5124039 grape mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus Collector: E.M.Stafford Date of photograph or collection: 08/29/1962
5435600 cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura
5122095 soft scale Neopulvinaria innumerabilis
5122099 soft scale Neopulvinaria innumerabilis
5424438 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Spores of the fungus Phyllosticta ampelicida.
0176034 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Section through young undifferentiated perithecia in a mummified grapevine berry, in autumn or winter (diameter 80-100 µm).
1234061 black rot Guignardia bidwellii
5407857 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Close-up of Guignardia bidwellii pycndia in the center of a tan-colored black rot lesion
5407858 gray mold Botrytis cinerea Bunch rot; Berries in grape cluster covered with Botrytis cinerea
5407864 powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Berries in a grape bunch covered with the white powdery fungal growth of Uncinula necator (powdery mildew)
5405315 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata Scattered, somewhat angular, purple-brown spots on upper leaf surface.
5405316 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata Corresponding, less conspicuous, brown spots on lower leaf surface.
5405317 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata Numerous scattered, somewhat angular, purple-brown spots on upper leaf surface.
5405318 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata Corresponding, less conspicuous, brown spots on lower leaf surface.
5405319 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata Single spot with dark green-black "synnemata", clusters of conidiophores and conidia, coming up from infected tissue.
5405320 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata View across single spot with dark green-black "synnemata", clusters of conidiophores and conidia, coming up from infected tissue.
5405321 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata Close-up of dark green-black "synnemata", clusters of conidiophores and conidia, coming up from infected tissue.
5405322 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata Synnemata with conidia of the asexual fungus, Pseudocercospora vitis.
5405323 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata Synnema with conidia of the asexual fungus, Pseudocercospora vitis.
5405324 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata Conidia beginning to form on a synnema of the asexual fungus, Pseudocercospora vitis.
5405325 leaf blight (Isariopsis leaf spot) Mycosphaerella personata Conidia of the asexual fungus, Pseudocercospora vitis.
5335094 2,4-D 2,4-D injury
5335095 2,4-D 2,4-D injury
5335096 2,4-D 2,4-D injury
2178012 Botryosphaeria rots and cankers Botryosphaeria spp.
5389802 Phomopsis cane and leaf spot Phomopsis viticola Lesions on shoot
5389803 Phomopsis cane and leaf spot Phomopsis viticola Lesions on shoot
5389817 Phomopsis cane and leaf spot Phomopsis viticola Alpha conidia
0176036 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Pure culture of Guignardia bidwellii on malt agar medium, after 18 d incubation at 20°C, with pycnidia grouped in masses of black sclerotia.
5335092 black rot Guignardia bidwellii
5335093 sunscald
5335097 black rot Guignardia bidwellii
5382320 leafhoppers Leafhopper on grape
5368601 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina brown leaf spots can coalesce to form blighted areas
5368602 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina brown leaf spots can coalesce to form blighted areas
5368603 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina spore-producing bodies ("acervuli") can be seen within leaf spots
5368604 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina Spores of the asexual fungus, Sphaceloma ampelinum
5368605 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina Necrotic areas can also form on branches and petioles
5368606 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina Necrotic areas can also form on branches and petioles
5368607 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina Dark brown leaf spots on immature leaf
5368608 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina Necrotic areas can also form on branches and petioles
5368658 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Dark, spore-producing bodies ("pycnidia") on fruit
5368659 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Dark, spore-producing bodies ("pycnidia") on fruit oozing tan tendrils of spores
5368660 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Spore-producing body ("pycnidia") oozing spores
5368686 herbicides (general) leaves are disorted with veins becoming parallel. Leaf tips are elongated. Growth regulator injury
5368687 herbicides (general) leaves are disorted with veins becoming parallel. Leaf tips are elongated. Growth regulator injury
5368688 herbicides (general) leaves are disorted with veins becoming parallel. Leaf tips are elongated. Growth regulator injury
5368756 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina Infection of fruit
5368757 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina close-up of fruit infection with black spore-producing bodies and spores produced in tan mats
5368758 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina close-up of fruit infection with black spore-producing bodies and spores produced in tan mats
5368759 grape anthracnose Elsinoe ampelina close-up of asexual spore-producing body with asexual spores of the fungus Sphaceloma ampelinum
5369076 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Spores of the fungus Phyllosticta ampelicida.
1263070 Grapevine phylloxera, vine louse Phylloxera vitifoliae Adults, juveniles, and eggs
1263069 Grapevine phylloxera, vine louse Phylloxera vitifoliae Root galls
1263046 Ground pearls, margarodes Margarodes vredendalensis Cyst
1263035 grass sharpshooter Draeculacephala minerva Green sharpshooter (female), vector of grapevine Pierce's disease (Xylella fastidiosa).
0746047 Grapevine phylloxera, vine louse Phylloxera vitifoliae Viteus vitifoliae.
0660021 bacterial blight Xylophilus ampelinus Symptoms of Xylophilus ampelinus infection on shoots of grapevine.
0660022 bacterial blight Xylophilus ampelinus Symptoms of Xylophilus ampelinus infection on a grapevine leaf.
5356702 Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Nepovirus GFLV Grape leaf showing symptoms of Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus (GFLV).
5366577 cold injury (low temperature) Stems of grapevines showing buds killed by cold winter temperatures.
1495074 powdery mildew Erysiphe necator powdery on grape cane
1495071 powdery mildew Erysiphe necator powdery mildew
1495072 powdery mildew Erysiphe necator powdery mildew on grape
1495073 powdery mildew Erysiphe necator powdery mildew on grape
1495075 powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Uncinula nector;powdery mildew
1495076 powdery mildew Erysiphe necator mildew powdery
1495077 powdery mildew Erysiphe necator powdery mildew on grape leaves
1495078 powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Unciula necator; powdery mildew on grape
1495079 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola downy mildew on grape
1495082 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Plamopara viticola; downy mildew
1495083 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola Plasmopara viticola; downy mildew expanded infection
1495091 gray mold Botrytis cinerea botrytis on grape
1495096 gray mold Botrytis cinerea Botrytis on grape; blossum blight
1495026 drought Drought stress on Muscadine grape
1495046 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Black rot
1495047 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Black rot
1495049 black rot Guignardia bidwellii black rot on grape
1495050 black rot Guignardia bidwellii black rot
1495051 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Grape black rot
1495052 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Black rot on bunch
1495055 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Guignardia bidwellii; black rot
1495057 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Guignardia bidwellii; black rot
1495058 black rot Guignardia bidwellii Guignardia bidwellii; black rot
1495062 black rot Guignardia bidwellii black rot
1495063 black rot Guignardia bidwellii black rot on grape
1495064 black rot Guignardia bidwellii black rot on grape
1495066 black rot Guignardia bidwellii black rot
1495067 black rot Guignardia bidwellii black rot on grape
1495068 black rot Guignardia bidwellii black rot on stem of grape
1495069 black rot Guignardia bidwellii black rot on grape leaf
5222067 black rot Guignardia bidwellii
5222068 black rot Guignardia bidwellii
5222069 black rot Guignardia bidwellii
5222070 black rot Guignardia bidwellii
5222071 black rot Guignardia bidwellii
5257100 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola
5258001 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola
5258002 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola
5258003 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola
5258004 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola
5258005 downy mildew Plasmopara viticola

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